Applying theory of career construction to case study

Applying hypothesis of profession development to contextual investigation The reason for this contextual investigation is to apply Savickas Theory of Career Construction to a volunteer customer Karen. Complete an account talk with utilizing the organized inquiries in the Career Style Interview, and utilizing the six stages. Talk about translations, perceptions and get her criticism. Hypothetical establishment of Career Construction Theory The hypothetical establishment of Career Construction hypothesis (CCT) has its beginnings from Constructivism, and as indicated by Sharf (2009) Constructivism is a mental methodology that has created out of a postmodern philosophical position. It has been expressed the Postmodernism time frame was a response to innovation, in that it featured the distinctions in singular perspectives instead of an uneven, discerning logical perspective on innovation. (Sharf 2009) Constructivist considered people to be makers of their own predetermination, and constructivist advocates looked to assist customers with finding that significance and resolve any error. (Sharf 2009) As per (Sharf 2009, p316) the constructivism approach was extraordinarily influenced by the changing of the workplaces during the 1970s. Representatives were done remaining with one situation for their entire work life, as organizations were getting less faithful to representatives and keeping an eye out for own primary concern by scaling back their workforce to low maintenance. Workers before long found they expected to assume responsibility for their future and hoped to profession advocates for help. As indicated by (Busacca, 2007) constructivist vocation guiding endeavors to respond to one inquiry by what method can an individual arrange a lifetime work changes and not lose a feeling of self? Profession development hypothesis (CCT) occurred to assist people with creating significance out of their vocation decisions and activities. CCT addresses how a people vocation, is produced using its own and social builds or cooperations. These builds are not genuine reality, yet a people portrayal of that reality. CCT characterizes profession as a target and abstract build. Equitably, profession is a posting of positions from the past to introduce. Abstractly, vocation is the individual significance or an example of encounters from past, present and future. (Savickas, 2005, p43) CCT is made of three particular points of view and each tries to decide how the individual perspectives their life and profession, and how they cooperate. (Busacca, 2007) These viewpoints are life subject, profession versatility, and professional character. The Purpose and the Suppositions The motivation behind CCT is to help the individual find the abstract importance in their work. In helping the individual find this sort of significance, CCT stress the significance of the connection between the individual and the advocate. Life topics In Hollands profession advancement hypothesis, his inventories were utilized to acquire basic data about the individual, and make expectations about a lifelong way, and furthermore the feasible hood of progress along this way. Profession development hypothesis exploits the people described work stories to find any implications or examples. (Busacca, 2007) It has been expressed that example is the essential unit of importance. By intentionally sorting out and restricting together these discrete encounters, a bringing together life topic designs (Savickas 2005, p 58) designs turns into a central and basic method of being on the grounds that it gives an approach to people to see themselves and see what is significant on the planet. (Savickas, 2005 p58) During a guiding meeting the individual is urged to tell about their work positions, encounters. They are likewise approached to build up a story connecting vocation related encounters from the past to the present. The story turns into the focal point of consideration as individual portrays the advisor through their work and biographies. The advisor assumes a less dynamic job and tunes in for designs in the people story. (Busacca, 2007) Profession Adaptability When an individual has found an actual existence topic, how they approach adapting to the way toward interfacing with social desires and how they develop their vocations is the following stage. (Savickas, 2005) Career guides start to pose inquiries of the individual, for example, How did you settle on that vocation? This is a significant inquiry to pose, since it identifies with how the individual is deciding to adapt or respond to their social desires. (Savickas 2005) expressed adjustment was simply the connection and society and it is this association where an individual builds up their perspectives, convictions, critical thinking and ways of dealing with stress. He proceeded to talk about four phases of adjustment assets. These assets are concern, control, interest and certainty. (Savickas, 2005) During the profession concern stage, a vocation advocate centers around whether an individual is worry about their future. An announcement regularly made by people in this stage would be Do I have a future. An absence of vocation concern has a probability of turning out to be aloofness which generally mirrors a sentiment of cynicism about what's to come. Vocation concern is significant in light of the fact that it encourages the person to relate their present exercises to future undertakings. The objective of this stage is the structure of congruity of past and future vocation exercises. (Savickas, 2005) (Busacca, 2007) The profession control stage, a vocation instructor centers around whether the individual feels or accepts they are answerable for their professions. An announcement ordinarily made by people in this stage would be Who possesses my future? The absence of vocation control has a probability of turning out to be profession hesitation and can prompt mentalities of uncertainty. The objective of this stage is choosing by explaining decisions. (Savickas, 2005) (Busacca, 2007) The profession interest stage, a vocation instructor centers around whether the individual has found fit among self and the universe of work. An announcement generally made by people in this stage would be What would I like to do with my future? The absence of profession interest has the probability of turning out to be naãÆ'â ¯ve about work alternatives. The objective of this stage is investigation, finding out about self and explaining values. (Savickas, 2005) (Busacca, 2007) The profession certainty stage, a vocation advocate would centers around whether the individual showed confidence, self viability and support. An announcement regularly made by a person in this stage would be Can I do it? An absence of profession certainty has a probability of getting unmotivated and reluctant to acquire their objectives. The objective of this stage is to expand self acknowledgment, create critical thinking capacities and urge the readiness to attempt in any event, when things look dim. (Busacca, 2007) (Savickas, 2005) Professional Personality As indicated by (Savickas, 2005) a people character starts in the family, neighborhoods, and school. As that individual grows up, their attributes are shown ordinary while doing housework, finishing interests and messing around. CCT sees these attributes prospects or speculation to investigate for the finding meaning. Dissimilar to Hollands RAISEC which utilize a goal individual condition fit, CCT utilizes an emotional methodology in showing to the individual how they are like others in a given field, and offer normal sentiments and thoughts regarding business related exercises. Record of Session with Karen Profession Style Interview with Karen Karen is multi year old separated from African American ladies with three grown-up youngsters. She went to Central Florida College and has gotten her Associates in Health data the executives. She is as of now going to classes at University of Phoenix, and is tried out the Healthcare Administration program. Karen began her work at a nursing home at 18 years old. At the nursing home she held the situation for Nurses Aide for a long time. Karen says after that four years she exhibited to the supervisory group the attributes of duty and commitment. Karen was elevated to unit assistant at the nursing home. She held that position for a long time and was again elevated to clinical record where she held the title of clinical records pro for a long time. Karen reports she was then laid off from the nursing home for four months. She kept her confidence and had the option to make sure about a situation as an assistant at a law office. She saved that position for a half year and acquired a posit ion a significant clinic in the clinical records division. She worked in that division for next nine years. By and by she was advanced, presently to Compliance official, where she upheld the arrangements and strategies of the medical clinic. Following one year she was asked by clinic organization to deal with the clinical records office and is as of now the chief of clinical records. The Career Style Interview is at present being utilized to inspire self characterizing stories and distinguish Karens life subjects and examples. In what capacity can I as an instructor be useful to you in building your profession? When asked how vocation advising could be useful, Karen answered Ive been disclosed to I have to investigate changing fields from social insurance to business organization. So If I expected to utilize the administrations of a lifelong instructor, it is assist me with mapping out an arrangement to change me to the business program. Whom did you appreciate when you were growing up? Karen answered when she was growing up she respected her sister Vernice. Vernice show solid character and determination to traverse difficult situations. Karen associated with this viewpoint since she frequently needed or need the solidarity to go on in spite of numerous difficulties in her own life. Karen appreciated her mom next. Her mom has been disparaged with various medical problems and her mom kept her confidence in God and retaliated when others had abandoned her. She next respected Michelle Obama for her truthfulness and her practical introduction. She state, when Michelle speaks I can trust it, since I realize she is talking from the heart. Portray your preferred magazine, book, and

Change of Position Defence

The litigant may guarantee the safeguard of progress of position. Regardless of whether the litigant can effectively build up this resistance depends of whether he can demonstrate that his position is changed to such an extent that he will endure a bad form whenever called upon to reimburse or reimburse in full (Lipkin Gorman v Karpnale) * In request to demonstrate a difference in position safeguard, first there must be an antagonistic difference in position by the beneficiary in compliance with common decency and in dependence on the installment (New Zealand Banking Group v Westpac Banking Corporation) * The present situation in Australia as to the accessibility of the guard is that the respondent must have (1) changed their position (2) irreversibly (3) in dependence on its receipt (4) in accordance with some basic honesty (Australian Financial Services)(1) CHANGE THEIR POSITION/SUFFER DETRIMENT * The respondent should initially have the option to demonstrate an adjustment in the r elative net resources of the litigant which shows that the respondent has acted to his drawback on the confidence of the installments got from the offended party. As it were, the change must include a net loss.FACTUAL GAIN BUT NET LOSS * Even where a lady who had bought new furnishings and had disposed of her old furniture on dependence on her receipt, where the court acknowledged that she was genuinely improved by her receipt since her net resources were worth more than what she had previously, the difference in position safeguard would in any case apply since in the event that she was required to make compensation, she would be left with an overal deficit. * The simple actuality that she keeps on profiting by the cash doesn't overcome the protection of progress of conditions. The furniture acquisitions speak to substitution of things the offended party previously possessed when she would not have swapped the things aside from the blunder. The consumptions were not to meet normal c osts or pay existing debts.(RBC Dominion Securities v Hills Industries)IS SPENDING ON ORDINARY LIVING EXPENSES CHANGING YOUR POSITION? As a rule, use on customary everyday costs won't be viewed as an inconvenience or that the litigant changed his position on the grounds that the respondent needs to demonstrate that he acted uniquely in contrast to how he would have normally followed up on the confidence of the conviction that the advantage gave by the offended party was the defendant’s to spend (Australian Financial Services & Leasing v Hills Industries) * However, a respondent isn't blocked from depending on the protection of progress of position just in light of the fact that she has spent the cash on common everyday costs, gave the use is a considerable burden originating from her dependence on receipt of the installment. The safeguard can apply where the litigant doesn't just spend the cash on such costs yet applies for and is denied advantages to which she is ent itled because of her receipt (TRA Global Pty Ltd v Kebakoska) all things considered, the respondent had been made repetitive by her manager who disclosed to her she was qualified for an excess installment proportionate to 12 weeks pay on severance and as needs be paid her the total. She in truth had no such legitimate entitlement.She in this way applied for joblessness profits by Centrelink however was denied them since she had proclaimed receipt of the repetition cash. She had to utilized the majority of the excess cash to pay everyday costs until she looked for some kind of employment eight months after the fact. At the point when the appealing party boss looked for compensation of the installment on grounds of slip-up, the court held that the offended party had a barrier of progress of position regardless of having spent the cash on standard everyday costs since the use is a considerable inconvenience originating from her dependence on receipt of the installment and was denied ad vantages to which she was entitled because of her receipt.DISCHARGING AN EXISTING DEBT * It isn't an impairment to take care of an obligation which should be paid of eventually (RBC Dominion Securities v Dawson) all things considered Mr Dawson had a Visa obligation which he exchanged in a way he would not have in any case done had it not been for the slip-up with respect to the litigant to overpay him. In any case, since the Visa obligation and those to relatives was brought about before the misstep, it would have been paid regardless and can't be supposed to be to Mr Dawson’s impediment in light of the fact that the installment would be an installment of an obligation previously owed. (2) IRREVERSIBLY * The subsequent component is that real, non-theoretical and irreversible burden (Australian Financial Services & Leasing v Hills Industries) The nature of the change must be with the end goal that it can't currently be fixed, for example, cash got which has been hopele ssly paid away or acquiring unequivocal legally binding commitment because of receipt. In Australian Financial Services, the offended party account organization was tricked by a fraudster and two of his organizations into propelling cash to a few genuine organizations including that of the second respondent to whom the fraudster and his organizations owed cash in order to release their obligations. The offended party was persuaded that the reason for the cash being progressed to the respondents was to back the acquisition of gear they were providing to the main organization when the hardware never existed. Every one of the litigants was familiar with accepting installments for their gear from account organizations so they were not promptly dubious of getting cash from the plaintiff.The offended party at that point guaranteeing vile enhancement against the respondents on the ground that it had made installments under the mixed up conviction that the solicitations made by the fraudste r to the offended party, implying to be from every one of the respondents, were certifiable and that it would get title to the hardware named in the solicitations. * For this situation, the court held for the guard of progress of position to succeed that there must be proof of an irreversible inconvenience. The subsequent respondent having inevitable default decisions previously acquired against one of the fraudster’s organizations was in dependence on receipt of the cash from the offended party was such proof. * In TRA Global Pty Ltd v Kebakoska, the disservice to the offended party with the end goal that she was denied advantages to which she was qualified for originating from her dependence on receipt of the installment was irreversible. In RBC v Dawson, the way that the bought new furnishings and had disposed of her old furniture on dependence on her receipt would have caused her in the conditions a misfortune that is low for her to tolerate and which isn't effectively re versible. * Thus it appears that the litigant must show in any event, huge obstacles to recovering the cash. (3) In dependence on the receipt/on the confidence of receipt * This third component shows that there must be a causal connection between's the inconvenience endured and the receipt of the installment. A BUT-FOR TEST IN UK * The unimportant certainty that the beneficiary may have endured some setback is anything but a safeguard except if the mishap is connected in any event on a however for test with the mixed up receipt (Scottish impartial) There an assortment of cognizant choices which might be made by the beneficiary in dependence on the overpayment.A CAUSAL CONNECTION IS SUFFICIENT IN AUSTRALIA †ONE CAUSE * In Co-Buchong v Citigroup Pty Ltd, it was held that for the reasons for a difference in position guard, an installment is made ‘on the confidence of the receipt’ in the event that it is causally connected to the receipt. This necessitates the installm ent would not have been made except if the receipt has been perceived as legitimate. There is no further necessity that the data whereupon the payer was acting be with the end goal that, in the event that it were valid, the payer would have been qualified for pay the cash away in the manner that id did. * For this situation, Citibank had gotten directions implying to be from the offended party to move 500,000 from his record to a second record in his name at the NAB.Citibank analyzed the guidance and confirmed that it was authentic and paid. Capture at that point got comparable directions to pay the cash away to different abroad financial balances. Here the directions were all phonies executed by an obscure outsider. Citibank guaranteed compensation of its installment to NAB on grounds of slip-up. The issue was whether NAB was qualified for a protection of progress of position and whether those installments needed to different abroad financial balances had been made ‘on the co nfidence of its receipt’ of the cash from Citibank. It was held that NAB made those installments on the confidence of its receipt and every one of that was required was a causal connection between the installment and the receipt. The way that an outsider fraudster had trained the bank to make out the installments ought not really refute the causal association between the receipt and its installment to overcome the resistance (dismissing State Bank v Swiss Bank Corporation) * In such a case, the bank’s great confidence receipt may in any case be a reason for a difference in position regardless of whether it was by all account not the only aim and this ought to be sufficient. * This follows the thinking in the NSWCA instance of Perpetual Trustees Australia Ltd v Heperu. Never-ending had paid away entireties to Mrs Cincotta reserves spoke to by the units credited on the confidence of the receipt of installments by the respondent who had been prompted by extortion to do so .The respondents presented that Perpetual had not demonstrated that the installments of assets out of the record were made on the confidence of the receipt since it paid out the assets spoke to by the record on the confidence of what it was advised to do by Mr Cincotta in the first imitation of Mrs Cincotta’s signature at the opening of record and in phone recoveries. * This was understood to be extremely thin an examination of what is implied by â€Å"on the confidence of the receipt†. Installments on the confidence of the receipt implied that they would not have been made except if the receipts had been perceived as legitimate. Because there was the component of unscrupulousness of Mr Cincotta which likewise was the event for the withdrawal of assets, this didn't nullify the causal association between the receipt and the installments.

Subliminal Advertising :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Subconscious Advertising 1.) On TV, a typical strategy to impact a watcher is to streak messages or pictures for so brief period, that it nearly appears to be a gleam that actually never occurred. Ways this has been utilized is by glimmering pictures that are satisfying to the eye, similar to a gaudy shading, or possibly an image with sexual allusion. The least expensive method, normally utilized by individuals, similar to vehicle sales reps, is to ask the watcher a series of inquiries, which we as a whole realize will have the appropriate response yes. By doing this, the business prepares you to concur with any pitch they are attempting to make you purchase. 2.) An increasingly shrewd approach to make you purchase an item is to condition your feelings, addressing yourself, Would I be a terrible individual on the off chance that I don't by this item? For example, the individuals that might want you to give cash to the wiped out, hungry youngsters is some run-down town. They give you pictures of infants crying, grown-ups with scarcely any meat on their bones. The business at that point asserts that by your gift, you can spare an actual existence, however on the off chance that you don't, you're allowing a real existence to life. This procedure is a successful way, however I accept that there are a few morals engaged with intentionally altering one's feelings. 3.) A procedure normally portrayed as utilizing popular expressions is discovered more in print than on TV or radio. In the event that we are looking through a paper and we see an energizing garish word, our eyes will in general draw towards it. Organizations are totally mindful of this, so that’s why they streak words on their promotions like, FREE, NEW, Rush. Something about these words makes us need to perceive what the whine is about, and to peruse the organization's advertisement. Presently when you do peruse the promotion, there will be popular expressions inserted into the advertisement that don't look garish. It is consistently words that don't really have any noteworthy importance, however they are included in any case. For instance, words like, natively constructed, improved, 100%, delicious, just to give some examples. 4.) Michael Jordan is selling you Gatorade, Jerry Seinfeld is backing up American Express, and Paul Reiser needs you to utilize AT&T. For what reason do these celebrated stars show up on ads and advertisements? The reason for existing is to subconsciously give the item attributes that it never at any point merits, similar to riches, popularity, and achievement.

How to Write an Informative and Efficient Process Essay

April 16, 2019 Havent you ever heard about process essay? Maybe you already have, but you know about it as how-to now. This is a kind of paper that explains the full tutorial on how to do something step by step. Such kind of text is often used in content-marketing to provide a target audience with relevant information about their search. You can read the process essay about making handmade hats, chocolate cake, or building a garage. There is no limit where you can use such kind of paper. It is also used as academic writing at schools, colleges, and universities. The main difficulty in writing a process essay is its structure and attention to each step. If you poorly describe one part in the whole process, then you didnt handle the task. Each part of your essay has its importance and influences on the results on further stages. How to prepare for the writing process essay: – Find out more about your target audience. The content in your essay should be relevant to the skills of your audience. Lets see it on the simple example. When you create how-tos for making simple toys you should describe it regarding age and skills of small kids. They will be your target audience. If you explain how to install Windows on a personal computer, you will use more professional vocabulary. The same is fair for college paperwork. – Make notes. When you write your essay, you need to use numerous sources. Thanks to such materials you are able to make your how-to really informative. So before starting your job collect as more ideas, arguments, notes, and other useful materials for your process essay as you can. – Describe every step. The process essay must be very detailed and informative. You can describe something in general or share your expressions and call such paper a how-to. Thats why you must take your task step-by-step and make the entire process understandable. Notice: a lot of writers make a huge mistake on this stage. They literally become obsessed with the idea of informative how-to and describe each step as like being under the microscope. As a result, your process essay becomes too heavy and too detailed. Be sure, that people dont like to be fooled and listen to descriptions of every single action. Thats why a writer should keep balancing between full description and information amount. Examples of process essay topics Usually, students get their task from professors. In most lucky cases they have an ability to choose one favorite topic from the list. When you pick up a task for yourself it is recommended to check it out for having enough information. Besides, you may also find a topic on your own. Here are samples of themes for process essay: – How to get rid of a bad habit; – The pancakes recipe; – Making a business plan; – How to make the first order on eBay; – The solution of Windows blue screen error. As you can see, there is no problem with finding a topic for process essay. But you need to make sure that there are enough sources or personal knowledge to write such text. How-to structure: outline All traditional essays consist of well-known parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. It is vitally important to keep the proper structure because it influences the final result very much. In addition, the length of the process essay is an open question. There are no strict limitations about its size. Some topics require just several paragraphs, some of them will look like a dissertation. But the main rule about essay length is the following: your paper should explain each step properly and teach readers how to do something. In such a situation the length is not really important, but the structure must be kept. Introduction In introduction the writer must hook his readers. Yes, some of them require your information, but cant stop reading because of uninteresting introduction. Make it clear, catchy, and informative. Your introduction may contain: – Short historical background. People will be excited to read about the origin of what you are writing about. Such information allows readers to becoming more involved in your essay. – Add approximate time. Such information helps people to handle all their actions and find out the proper amount of time on this job. Whatever they need to install the application on a smartphone or cook a cake for contest they will be sure in own time management. If you like, you may make your introduction perfect. Everything is in your hands, so read more about this process essay part. Body The body is an essential part of each essay, and how-to also cant exist without this part. Exactly here the author describes the process of his task. So the body paragraph should be divided into exactly such amount of moving parts as your process requires. When you choose the proper amount of steps, you should remember about balance: be informative, but not overreact. Here are several advice in writing a body for process essay: – Explain each step. Yes, the length of these parts may be different, but try to keep it equal. Start with dividing your process to steps and create short descriptions for them. – Remember about your purpose. You must remind people time after time why they do such actions. It will help them to follow your how-to properly. – Make the steps to be bounded. One step should flow after the previous one, and so on. Try to use special action words such as next, now, after, etc. Conclusion When you finish explaining the whole process of making, you shouldnt stop. All process essays must contain a short conclusion. It has several meanings: – summarize final results in the process you have already described; – briefly explain the value of your essay; – motivate readers to save the how-to or share it with friends. Additional tips in writing how-to Always check the tone of your speech. Remember, that there may be beginners among your target audience, do you need to explain to them the process very carefully. Simple language and easy structure will definitely help you in this task. Remember, that after reading your process essay the reader should get answers on all his questions. If he still wonders how to make any actions, then your essay didnt satisfy his needs. In such case, you have nothing to do, but to rewrite weak parts of your how-to or the whole paper. To make awesome paper people may also use examples of process paper. Be sure, such papers can help you understand the main aspects of this task and do it better. Our team works with the process essay almost every day and can share additional advice with you. Ask us for a free consultation or order your how-to right now. Dont hesitate our professional help instead of making the average paper. Let us provide you with the perfect process essay!

Forensic Anthropology - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1068 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category History Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Scientific Essay Did you like this example? Forensic Anthropology Theme: A forensic anthropologist examines the skeletal remains which makes significant contributions to an investigation. Forensic anthropology is the application of the science of physical anthropology to the legal process. The identification of skeletal, badly decomposed, or otherwise unidentified human remains is important for both legal and humanitarian reasons. Forensic anthropologists apply standard scientific techniques developed in physical anthropology to identify human remains, and to assist in the detection of crime. The science of forensic anthropology includes archaeological excavation; examination of hair, insects, plant materials and footprints; determination of elapsed time since death; facial reproduction; photographic superimposition; detection of anatomical variants; and analysis of past injury and medical treatment. Forensic anthropologists work to suggest the age, sex, ancestry, stature, and unique features of a decedent from the skeleton. For example, when a skeleton found in a wooded area is brought to a morgue or an anthropologists laboratory for examination, the first step is to determine whether the remains are human, animal, or inorganic material. If human, an anthropologist then attempts to estimate age at death, racial affiliation, sex, and stature of the decedent. Although the primary task of anthropologists is to establish the identity of a decedent, increasingly they provide expert opinion on the type and size of weapons used and the number of blows sustained by victims of violent crime. It should be noted, however, that forensic pathologists or related experts in forensic medicine determine the cause or manner of death, not the forensic anthropologist. Most anthropologists have advanced degrees in anthropology and have examined hundreds of remains. They are also thoroughly familiar with human anatomy and how it varies in different populations. Some anthropologists may also have experience i n police science or medicine, as well as in serology, toxicology, firearms and tool marks identification, crime scene investigation, handling of evidence, and photography. A limited number of anthropologists deal with footprint analysis and species identification of carrion insects in relation to estimating time elapsed since death. A forensic anthropologist makes significant contributions to an investigation. The greatest of these could well be the anthropologists intensive training and experience in distinguishing between human and nonhuman remains, determining age at death, racial affiliation, sex, stature, elapsed time since death, skeletal trauma, post-mortem damage and alteration of the skeleton, and establishing positive identification based on skeletal and dental evidence. Such information can be obtained from complete bodies or those partially destroyed by burning, air crashes, intentional mutilation and dismemberment, explosions, or other mass disasters. In fact, a f orensic anthropologist is now an integral member of most mass disaster teams. Through their anthropological training, most forensic anthropologists have knowledge of excavation techniques and mapping that are invaluable in recovering evidence. Consequently, the forensic anthropologist should participate in the investigation of the crime scene and, especially, in the recovery of human skeletal remains. The question of racial affiliation is difficult to answer because, although racial classification has some biological components, it is based primarily on social affiliation. Nevertheless, some anatomical details, especially in the face, often suggest the individuals race. In particular, white individuals have narrower faces with high noses and prominent chins. Black individuals have wider nasal openings and sub nasal grooves. American Indians and Asians have forward-projecting cheekbones and specialized dental features. Examination of this skeleton reveals traits consistent with white racial affiliation. Further examination of the skull produces a few strands of straight blonde hair. Microscopic examination shows the hair to be consistent with that of a white person. Usually, examination of the pubic bone, sacroiliac joint, amount of dental wear, cranium, arthritic changes in the spine, and microscopic studies of bones and teeth narrows the age estimate given by the anthropologist. After examining the skeleton, these indicators suggest that the man was between 35 and 45 years of age at the time of death. Estimation of stature can be narrowed by measuring one or more complete long bones, preferably a femur or tibia. If stature estimates are based on incomplete long bones, less confidence can be placed in them. This measurement of the maximum length of the bone can then be plugged into a formula based on race and sex to produce an estimate. In this case the individuals stature was estimated at 57 to 59 with a mean stature of 58. Estimating the time inter val since death can be extremely difficult. For the most part, such an estimate is based on the amount and condition of soft tissue, such as muscle, skin, and ligaments present, the preservation of the bones, extent of associated plant root growth, odor, and any carnivore and insect activity. However, many other variables must also be considered, including the temperature at the time of death, penetrating wounds, humidity/aridity, soil acidity, and water retention. The longer the time since death, the more difficult it is to determine the time interval since death. In this hypothetical example, the anthropologist determined that the individual died 6 to 9 months previously, based largely on the condition of the soft tissue and the amount of root growth in the individuals clothing. After the dirt and forest debris were removed from the bones using water and a soft brush, a number of faint cuts became visible in the left ribs and the mid-back. The number of discrete cuts in thre e ribs and in one vertebra suggest that this male was stabbed a minimum of three times. No additional evidence of trauma was noted. Further examination revealed that the male sustained a fracture above his right eye and upper jaw bone at least several years before death. The individual also had a severely deviated nasal septum and presented evidence of a severe chronic nasal infection. This observation is noteworthy because if he sought medical help for the fractures or sinus condition, photo images may have been taken that would provide an excellent opportunity for positive identification. Forensic anthropologists have much to contribute to law enforcement and would welcome the opportunity to assist in the successful resolution of an investigation. They work to suggest the age, sex, ancestry, stature, and unique features of a decedent from the skeleton. They are now an integral member of most mass disaster teams. Through their anthropological training, most forensic anthropol ogists have knowledge of excavation techniques and mapping that are invaluable in recovering evidence. Consequently, they should participate in the investigation of the crime scene and, especially, in the recovery of human skeletal remains. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Forensic Anthropology" essay for you Create order

Martin Luther King Jr. - 922 Words

Martin Luther King Jr. lived in a world where racial tensions were high and not everyone was treated equally. He fought for a world where there would be no more segregation and no more disparity between the ways blacks are viewed compared to that of whites. In doing so, he preaches about nonviolence in order to keep the movement honorable. Although Machiavelli believed that the ends justify the means no matter how terrible those means were, the evidence will show that King s ideas that the means used to reach an end should be pure are more reasonable. To understand why King’s ideas are more reasonable it is important to distinguish what he meant by pure means for a pure end compared to that of what Machiavelli was talking about. King while trying to revolutionize civil rights constantly preached that nonviolence demands that the means use[d] must be as pure as the ends [sought] (King 391). By this King means that if we want an outcome where both blacks and whites can live harmoniously in peace, then the means to get there should be characterized by the same things. If we want peace and nonviolence then to get that we must not use hatred and violence as the driving forces behind the movement. Machiavelli s goal was to give the Prince advice on how to be the best leader, and in doing so suggests that as long as the end wanted is honorable than whatever needs to be done should be done. When suggesting this he knows that this can include treacherous acts, however, heShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr.867 Words   |  4 Pa gespeople, one of them is Martin Luther King Jr. He made the world a better place for black citizens by doing non-violence movements and marched the way to freedom. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta Georgia as Michael King Jr., but changed his name to Martin Luther King Jr. in honor of Protestant Martin Luther. Through his activism, King played a pivotal role in ending the legal discrimination of African American citizens. During his childhood, Martin Jr.’s father stronglyRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr1194 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Simmons 1 Gabrielle Simmons Mrs. Fitzgerald Social Studies 8A 4/27/10 Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. is a well known and an inspiring man to all cultures of the world. King was and still is one of the most influential heroes. King s views and believes helped African Americans through the 50 s and 60 s to the rights and liberties that was their right. King faced many obstacles on his journey, things like jail and even assassination attempts. Despite these obstacles,Read MoreMartin Luther King Jr.1078 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr., was a very strong person, constantly fighting for what he believed in, which was equality for African Americans. He was not scared to stand up and tell the world what he wanted for society. He was fearless and did everything in his power to prove a point. Martin Luther King, Jr., was the strongest individual of his time, for he fought until death, which proves how much he was willing to risk his life to make the world an equal place. Growing up, he had a very interestingRead MoreMartin Luther King, Jr Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesbe slaves, African-Americans saw a road trip to equality through the eyes of Martin Luther King, Jr. Even after being emancipated from slaves to citizens, African-Americans were not ready to wage the battle against segregation alone. The weight which African Americans carried on their back, was lightened when they began to see what Martin Luther King, Jr. brought to the table against segregation. Martin Luther King, Jr. was the single most important African-American leader of the Civil Rights MovementRead MoreBiography of Martin Luther King, Jr745 Words   |  3 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968) was born on in his mothers parents large house on Auburn Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia. He was the second child, and was first named Michael, after his father. Both changed their names to Martin when the boy was still young. King JR was born into a financially secu re family middle class with that, They received better education in respect to most people of their race. King Jr, noticed this and this influenced him to live a life of social protestRead MoreEssay on Martin Luther King, Jr.591 Words   |  3 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born at home on Tuesday, January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents were Martin Luther, Sr. and Alberta King. He was born into a world where segregation was the law. Where his boyhood best friend, who was white, wasnt allowed to play with him once they started school. Where black people went to separate bathrooms, drank from separate water fountains, couldnt eat in whites only restaurants, and had toRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.1144 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. (January 15 1929-April 4, 1968) Brief Summary (of who MLK Jr. is): Martin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister and an activist who led the civil rights movement in the 1950. He was a fundamental force behind the civil rights movement that ended legal segregation. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. But he was sadly assassinated in 1968 on a second floor balcony of Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee†¦ Childhood: Martin Luther was never poor. He lived with a middleRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.2405 Words   |  10 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister and social activist, who led the Civil Rights Movement in the United States from the mid-1950s until his death by assassination in 1968. IN THESE GROUPS NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNERS FAMOUS PEOPLE WHO DIED IN 1968 FAMOUS PEOPLE WHO WENT TO PRISON FAMOUS CAPRICORNS Show All Groups 1 of 19  «  » QUOTES â€Å"But we come here tonight to be saved from that patience that makes us patient with anything less than freedom and justice.† —Martin Luther King Jr. Read MoreMartin Luther King Jr. Essay1862 Words   |  8 Pagesbut the content of the character,† (Martin Luther King Jr,1963) Martin Luther King Jr. was a smart child and had a good childhood. He learned values from his parents, and Martin Luther King Jr was a man of much wisdom during his time. He was a major contributor to the civil rights movement, and those contributions have profound effect even today. Michael Luther King was Martin Luther King Jr’s name when was born. His parents changed his name to Martin Luther King when he was just a young boy. TheyRead More Martin Luther King Jr. Essay637 Words   |  3 Pages Martin Luther King, Jr. was perhaps one of the most influential person of our time. As the father of modern civil rights movement, Dr.Martin Luther king, Jr., is recognized around the world as a symbol of freedom and peace. Born January 15, 1929, King was the son of an Atlanta pastor. King accomplished many achievements during his life. He graduated from Morehouse as a minister in 1948 and went on to Crozer Theological seminary in Chester, Pa., where he earned a divinity degree. After that King

Tourism and Hospitality Management Pursuit of Flexibility

Question: Discuss about the Tourism and Hospitality Managementfor Pursuit of Flexibility. Answer: Journal Article Review As opined by Singh Singh Oberoi and Singh Ahuja (2013), the organizations are increasingly improving their management structures in order to incorporate greater flexibility in the organizations. It assesses the impact of the different capabilities of organization namely innovative capabilities, human resource capabilities and the different technological capabilities for enhancing the level of flexibility in the organization. The ultimate purpose of the flexible work processes is to enhance the management infrastructure of an organization. The elimination of the rigidities in the organization and the labor markets has posed to be the new agenda for new age workplaces. A flexible organization is synonymous with the enhanced competitiveness, reduction in unemployment and rich organizational culture. This article is directly related with the topic as the management process is concerned with tracking the element of flexibility. The idea of flexible workplaces is instrumental in tackling advanced economies as well as saturated marketplaces. I have been associated with an organization as Assistant Manager. This topic is relevant to my work expertise also, as I always strive to be flexible with the policies, rules and procedures in the organization. This helps me to increase my subordinates efficiency and fulfill the organizational goals. Industrial Article Review Catherine Earl and Philip Taylor (2015) evaluated the fact whether the workplace flexibility is a good policy. It is important to measure the age management strategies especially for the old women workers. The article focuses on the main pointers in favor of the different attributes of workplace flexibility. The act of the workplace flexibility is usually a positive attribute as it has many advantages. It helps in prolonging the lives of the old employees and increases their productivity. For example, if they are allowed to work in their own flexible time, then they would be able to strike a balance between their personal and professional life. The effectiveness of the managers lies in their ability to implement organizational policies in a way that would be beneficial for both the employees as well as the organizations. This article discussed the various flexible options that can be undertaken by the organizations, which would be a part of the management process. I have implemented work from home options in my organizations for the new mothers, old employees and pregnant ladies, who face difficulty in attending the office. I have made suggestions for suitable part time job options for the women. References Catherine Earl, Philip Taylor; Is Workplace Flexibility Good Policy? Evaluating the Efficacy of Age Management Strategies for Older Women Workers.Work Aging Retire2015; 1 (2): 214-226. doi: 10.1093/workar/wau012 Singh, D., Singh Oberoi, J. and Singh Ahuja, I., 2013. An empirical investigation of dynamic capabilities in managing strategic flexibility in manufacturing organizations.Management Decision,51(7), pp.1442-1461.

Walking Away to Try Again free essay sample

Remembering the past can be painful. The relentless aching within your heart when you walked away from something true. Things are always easier said than done. One always realizes this fact by walking away. You experience the diminishing joy you once had, silently escaping your heart leaving your soul feeling empty and isolated. You experience the loss of addiction to love, a feeling that was always there. Love can be a dark world full of deceitful promises and crystal tears. That’s why sometimes by walking away and to try again, can give you a more desirable happiness. To obliterate the pain from the past can be done. The thought to move on can be enviable. Time is relieving of pain and savior of shattered pieces. Even though you may be a frail structure to love, risks are meant to be taken. It’s time to relinquish the anger you have trapped within. We will write a custom essay sample on Walking Away to Try Again or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Oblige yourself to break through the shield that protects your encased heart. My body found life again. By decision through faith,my heart awakened with life again. You will feel like night can give way to day. Love is a benediction! My eyes lost the sight of fear and shone with assertiveness, When trust between two devoted hearts is linked its forever. The meaning of love may be obscure to other, but it’s a gift of life given to be experienced by every individual. Knowledgeable people question the mysteries of emotion dealing with the heart. They try scrutinizing the true meaning of love, feelings and uncontrollable emotions. When you walked way to take another chance†¦ My eyes dried away their tears and my heart started to beat again. You feel overwhelmed by happiness and no regrets. The deepest fears i kept hidden has been replaced by the emotions I have longed for. To be oblivious to the outside world feels intoxicating. You will never recede to the past. You feel rectified by the sentiment of love. Walk away and render your heart to a second chance! When I walked away it gave me back my life and someone true†¦

Demand for Beauty by Society Essays

Demand for Beauty by Society Essays Demand for Beauty by Society Paper Demand for Beauty by Society Paper OHO years. Foot binding was seen as a sign of beauty and attractiveness. Once a girl was of marriageable age, prospective mother-in-laws would come around and pick a wife for her son by the appearance of the girls feet. Foot binding was the act of wrapping a three- to five-year old girls feet with binding so as to bend the toes under, break the bones and force the back of the foot together. The bound foot was also a symbol of identity and virtue. A bound foot signified that a woman had achieved womanhood, and served as a mark of her gendered identity. Foot binding was not considered mutilation but a form of adornment, an embellishment to the human body. (HTTPS://spun. Com/alga/1/2/7565) Life in the Middle Ages was markedly different from the flourishing societies hundreds of years before. The dominance of Catholicism, and shorter life spans all contributed to the beauty ideal of the young, naturally beautiful and rosy-cheeked virgin. Where women Of today idealize celebrities in magazines, during the Medieval period it was the Virgin Mary who reigned supreme. She was normalized in paintings and sculpture as a youthful woman in her teens, her long flowing hair exposed. Very white skin was the main ideal, which women would achieve with a flour-based paste or lead makeup which is very dangerous and poisonous. While white skin connoted lily-white purity, it also helped disguise a lot of skin imperfections (while unknowingly causing many of them). Because of the popularity of pale skin, it made many European women and even men cut and bleed themselves to achieve it. ( Slideshows. Net/ineligibilitys-of-what-society-viewed-as- women-beauty-8005550) Following in the wake of the Middle Ages came the Renaissance era (1 5th Century), or the rebirth of the region. This began in Romance, Italy and quickly spread to the rest of Europe. During the Renaissance, art and beauty flourished once more, and it was not only considered in vogue but a necessity for women to look their best. The prolific art of the era, such as those drawn by the Renaissance masters portrays the beauty ideal of the time: a full, rounded figure, delicate features, smooth and pale skin, light-colored hair, a very high forehead, and flushed cheeks. Such features were associated with lath and nobility, which equated to beauty. The upper class ladies of Northern Europe would pluck their hairlines to make their foreheads seem higher, while in Italy, blond hair was a sign of beauty and high class. As result, women and men attempted to dye their hair by using bleach, saffron/ onion skin dye, and sitting under the sun for hours. England did not hit its stride until nearly the end of the Renaissance when Elizabeth I became queen. The era of her reign is also known as the English Renaissance, and some consider it the golden age of England. Elizabeth I adopted the mantle of The Virgin Queen and took serious measures to preserve this, even up to old age. Queen Elizabeth set many of the trends during this era. She popularized elaborate hairstyles (ideally in a shade of blond-red and with a frizzy texture like her own) and having a pale complexion. TO do this, they would use white powder called cruse, a poisonous mixture of white lead and vinegar. The use of this make-up withered the skin, caused sores, and damaged internal organs. As if lead-based make up wasnt bad enough, arsenic and radiation were later added as well. In the sasss women began to wear face powder that was made with arsenic. Health effects has been linked to a number of cancers including bladder, lungs, skin, nasal passages, and more. ( Businessperson. Com/gross-and-dangerous-ancient-beauty- #iXZZ3T16RCQ3W) Women in Italy also were in the habit of applying eyedroppers of poisonous belladonna to their eyes to make them sparkle, which could lead to vision loss over time (http://Alexei. Com/2014/07/28/beauty-standards-the rough-ages- 1 t). Wearing headdresses along with huge wigs also symbolizes beauty and wealth. Instead of hair gel and spray, lard was used to sculpt wigs in the sasss. The lard would attract rats and often these wigs would become infested with them. The wig was attached to a woman s real hair, which they would leave on for weeks. Sleeping with cages over their wigs became popular to avoid a rat infestation. In the 19th Century, women advocated a modest and natural beauty which means less use of cosmetics. In this century, beauty was all about what was on the inside: as long as your insides were pure, virtuous, and knew their place as a woman. The reign of Victoria brought about an era of modesty, morality, and a life devoted to conservative religious values. The elaborate cosmetics, hairstyles, and fashions of previous eras were now considered Lugar. If you wore bold makeup during this time, you were either an actress or a prostitute, none of whom were considered respectable women. Victorian beauty standards dictated that women appear pale, meek, and delicate creatures it helps that the restrictive corsets of the time led to a lot of swooning. Hairstyles were very modest as pods and soft curls were the norm, and if respectable Women Wore makeup it was with a very light touch, and in soft natural colors. Of course, fair skin was still prized and Victorian women went through great lengths to keep their skin pale to the point of looking sickly. Cold creams scented with rose and pomades made of lard and herbs kept skin smooth and hydrated. The Industrial Age would bring on the rise of mass-produced cosmetics and skincare, such as Ponds with their famous cold cream, and the arrival of subsequent brands would change the landscape of beauty in the next century (http://Alexei. Mom/2014/07/28/beauty- standards-through-ages-I I). During the Roaring Twenties (sass), societal trends reacted against the puritanical Victorian standards of beauty. Popular new short bobbed, waved or shingled hairstyles symbolized the growing freedom of women. The impact of cinema was felt for the first time, as women increasingly took their beauty cues fr om film stars such as Louise Brooks and Clara Bow. The heavy use of makeup also returned to fashion in this era. Generally, white women applied pale powder and cream rouge circles to the cheeks, plucked their eyebrows and penciled in thin arches, and painted their lips very red, emphasizing the cupids bow of the upper lip. Fashion-conscious white men wore their hair parted in or near the center and slicked back with brilliantine -? an oily, perfumed substance that added shine and kept hair in place. This look was popularized by screen idols such as Rudolph Valentine. Some African- American males adopted the conk, a hairstyle popularized by entertainer Cab Galloway. The conk was an attempt to straighten the hair and was accomplished by enduring a truly painstaking process of relaxing with a solution dominated by lye. ( Assurednesss. Com/ history offebeautyp)Asproughout the 1930sass 1940sassllywood starlets continued to set the trends in womens fashion. Longer, more feminine hairstyles became popular again, and women immediately copied Bette Davis curls, Betty GrabGrabbersnpinoth ringlets, and RitaRatawWorrywartsaming waves. Veronica Lake created a sensation by wearing a lock of hair that covered one eye. The hairstyle that most symbolized the era, however, was parted on the side, with soft curls falling over the shoulder. Also, for the first time, tanned skin (for both men and women) began to be perceived as a symbol of high class again showing the influence of screen stars on standards of beauty. Men continued to wear their hair short and often slicked back with oil, and skinny, trimmed mustaches were popularized by stars such as Errol Flynn. (http:// www. ukhaAssurednesss/hMomtory 0f boffybeautyn Asp 1980s thsasse of excess was easily translated into hairstyles, in general -? the bigger, the better. Pop stars such as Madonna and Cyndi LaCindypLapperized a style that included heavy makeup with vibrant neon colors and intentionally messed-up and off-colored hair. Michael Jackson sported the jheri cucheera sparkling wet-looking, heavily processed version of the Afro. Decidedly less audacious middle-class white teen-age boys adapted the punk-influenced spiked hairstyle, which sometimes included a small braid at the back of the neck (the rat tail). Androgyny also made a stunning impact n the 80s, froassinead OSinnedrOConnorhead to heavy metal hair bands with their makeup and explosion of long, dyed hair. In opposition to these trends, a neoconservative preppy look was also in, popularizing traditional short hairstyles for men and women. Todays pTodaysion of Beauty is molded by society. By the advertising, fashion, and cosmetic industries. We live in a society of billboards and ads, PhotoshoPhotostox. WBottom trained to believe that size two is perfect, while most healthy women in America fit into a size 12, and the true meaning and essence of Beauty slowly fades away. ( uffingtoPontificationsemComh-teatimeasuckernd-beauty-_b_5134228. htmI) ThHTMLdia can greatly affect young peoples health. The media broadcasts its perception of what is attractive and young people (both boys and girls) are susceptible to feeling the effects of that Young people can develop a distorted self-image which could lead to eating disorders, depression, or an unhealthy obsession with working out. You cant turn on the television or flip through a magazine without being bombarded with advertisements for weight loss pills, home gyms, and shake weights. Women are airbrushed on the cover of magazines to hide flaws. This creates an unrealistic and unhealthy image of beauty. ( personalPersonalu/Us3/Duobarfpbiogas_social_psychology/201 1/1 1 / media-and-the-perception-of-beauty-l . html) WhHTMLe open a magazine, we never see some 400-pound woman on the first page. Instead we see a woman who is 23% skinnier than an average woman, with her beautiful and flawless face. Many magazines (especially those for teens) offer content about how to look good. These magazines include three things that can affect body image. First, articles about appearance; these articles often include information on how get perfect abs muscles, advice on how to apply akeup, akeepps on what to wear. Second, advertisements; magazines often include ads for beauty and hair products, clothing and perfume. Many of these ads feature women that are underweight and men who are overly muscular. Then, the photos; most photos in magazines are altered so that wrinkles, fat, and pores disappear. Readers only see perfect and unrealistic bodies represented. One study found that 70% of teen girls and as well as boys agreed that magazines strongly influenced what they thought was the ideal body type. Seeing all this content related to appearance can make children and teens feel badly. When they compare their developing bodies to the images in magazines, they might feel depressed that they do not look like what they see. While most of the body image research has looked at how magazines affect girls, research is beginning to show that boys are affected by magazine images as well. (http://cmch. tvCACMenTV/) The Internet and social media provide a platform for women to seek out images Of what they Want to look like, a place for women to search for diet and exercise advice, as well as a an outlet through which women can perform outward comparisons with their peers and celebrities. Social networks may ot creattonew problems for women, but they do certainly intensify existing ones. Social media has made constant the ability to critique and analyze bodies in such a way that promotes body dissatisfaction, constant body surveillance, and disordered thoughts all of these factors that can potential leading to very serious eating disorders. (http://scholarship. claremonClaremontgiDeedevCGInvicegerentrtCGIeArticle#1026;? eses) Tosees as advertising and socializing have begun to merge, our lives have become photo heavy basing much of our judgments on what we see on the screen Of our computers or smartphosmartnessp>The Internet and social media have become more ubiquitous, so the line between the virtual and the real is blurred even more. Now, the perfect female body is not only on the billboard down the street or in the commercial on TV, but is strategically, yet seamlessly placed in our social networks. The slender, yet big breasted and flawless figure is intertwined with photos of our peers on FacebookFaceabletagraMainstreamt, the body type is even replicated amongst ordinary people, not only models and actresses. This unachievable ideal is deceivingly normalized through social media, but is still misleadingly achievable. Comparisons have only become stronger and more powerful, and as a result, more and more drastic measures have been taken to reach a certain ideal. There are now thousands of young girls who post selfiesselflessir social networks -? selfiesselflessre not airbrushed. Girls are attempting to achieve unhealthy body weights that they see in digitally edited photos in advertisements and replicating them on their own social media profiles. Although the ultimate goal of advertisements is to sell a product, and social networks are, as stated in their title, social, both technologies communicate deals: what we want to be like, whom we want to be with, and what we want to have . So, then, it is not that surprising that as the woman in advertising has decreased in size, so has the real woman tried even harder to reach that size. Are people unknowingly succumbing to the same dangers and corruptions that are raised by advertising through their peers on InstagraMainstreamebookFaceablep>After establishing the critical role that advertising plays in the lives of women, I think it is logical to assume that female body image will be similarly affected by other types of media. As the thin ideal portrayed in the edia hasEdieckly decreased in size, often due to photo editing software like PhotoshoPhotosomen have participated in extreme dieting habits. This is very horrible if social networking sites will exacerbate this problem. The perception of beauty is forced upon people in society from an early age through Cartoons and Animated Films. Firstly in childrens literature, Adams (1985) argued that children have become accustomed to hearing fairy tales, whether they are in books read before bedtime or in films. These stories continuously associate ugliness with bad and beauty with good (cited in Bull and Rumsey, Ramsey This can be applied to the well-known story of Cinderella (1950), a beautiful girl living with her stepmother and two ugly stepsisters. The stepmother and stepsisters mistreat Cinderella and make her do all the chores so they are instantly portrayed as bad people and their appearance is associated with this. Then towards the end, Cinderella finds her prince at the ball and lives happily ever after, implying that good things only happen to beautiful people. In addition to this, another popular fairy tale is Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), which is about a young girl who is poisoned by her jealous stepmother, the evil queen. Weitz (1Whiteargued that when the evil queen said if who is the fairest of them all. She is not asking a simple question; it has a much deeper meaning. The evil queen is battling with her loss of beauty and the thought of someone else being more beautiful than her. It shows that beauty is not just a physical entity but also a symbol for power and position. Not only is the evil queen getting older and losing the features that made her look young and attractive, she feels that on (Evil Stepsisters, Cinderella, n. d. ) (EvDl Queen Gives Snow White Poisonous Apple, n. d. )8 toD of this, she is losing her power as queen to her stepdaughter. Therefore, this sense of jealousy causes the queen to poison Snow White so she can continue to be the ruler of the land. This childrens fairy tale conveys the impression that you should do whatever it takes to be beautiful even if it means hurting someone else. http://wHttp. whomex. aEssex/sACioUKgy/documents/ research/publications/ug_journGU/voll 0/2pollC11CASSOCKSeJaMiscellaniespFallowPDFr, the famous novelist, Roald DaRoyald contrasting ideas of beauty. In his book The Twits (2007), he put a lot Of emphasis on inner beauty, as opposed to external beauty. This book is very positive for children as it uggests su ggestsople who have good thoughts are beautiful. External features such as the length of hair, the size of eyes and the shape of nose are not important when considering who is beautiful. In my opinion, this is a very key issue for children to be educated about rather than external beauty and consumer products such as make up. Secondly, the societal standards of beauty are enforced on children through toys. The Barbie doll has dominated the consumer market for toys for over fifty years, Barbie is so pervasive in contemporary popular culture that she hardly requires description (ToffoletDefoliate57). As one of the best-selling fashion dolls, the Barbie doll can be very influential on impressionable children. According to Dittmar,DimmittelHallowed (200Vive girls exposed to images of Barbie dolls reported lower body esteem and a greater desire for a thinner body shape in comparison to girls exposed to Emme dolMemea US size 16, and no dolls. The Barbie doll covertly enforces the expectations of society in relation to beauty onto children. The Barbie doll has a large variety of clothes, shoes and other commercial goods along with an endless list of different careers. One example of how the Barbie doll egativelactively children is the creation of the Slumber Party Barbie in 1965. Her accessories Were a set of bathroom scales permanently set on to 1 1 Olbs andLobsook titled How to Lose Weight, which only contained one instruction Dont eat (De Lacey, 2012). Furthermore, the book that contains the phrase dont eat is very unrealistic, as it is widely known that forcing yourself to miss meals can be very dangerous, as the body needs fuel to function. The Barbie doll is targeted at children and if they are able to identify with their dolls, they are more likely to be influenced by them or even consider them as role odels.Most of the children who have these dolls do not already know that her figure is unachievable and would therefore; want to conform in order to have a similar appearance to Barbies. The only way they could try and attempt this is by using the means Barbie uses: not eating. Children are impressionable so by playing with this doll, they unconsciously become aware of what is expected of them, in regards to beauty, from society. In my opinion, just as t he pretend baby dolls that little girls play with condition them for their future role as a mother, the Barbie doll conditions young girls for what is xpected expectedr future appearance. It is sending the message that beauty is the main priority and girls should use any means to achieve it, even if it leads to being unhealthy. Sometimes, because of your not so blessed physical appearance some will just drop a comment at your photo and say something unpleasant. CyberbulSpellbindingwhen a child or teen threatens, harasses or humiliates a peer using electronic technology, or is the victim of such actions.

Paper industry. Stora Enso Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Paper industry. Stora Enso - Essay Example Paper industry. Stora Enso Stora Enso has already become the leader in the market of paper and paperboards. It already has large pool of steadfast and existing customers; however it is important to maintain its position by conducting effective R& D process. Currently, Stora Enso is trying to improve its position by conducting the research in such areas as multi-color printing, new printing techniques as well as fiber-based packaging. Successful research in these areas might lead to the improvement in the quality of products and services that the company provides and assure that it will retain its leadership position in the market. Product development. As R&D is one of greatest priorities in Stora Enso, it is capable to market new products to existing customers. Recently, the company has developed new product- packages with radio frequency indicators, which the company sells to various pharmacies in Estonia and Finland. If the current trial of the sale process is completed successfully (as in today’s technological highly sophisticated era, there is no guarantee that the electronic forms of protection of goods and services can not be fortified), it will reduce the number of fortified drugs sold in Northern European market, and even in the world as well. Market development. The demand on the paper and packaging products has been growing steadfastly during the last several years. High prices on the paper in the USA are ones of the indicators of the growth in the demand on the paper and packaging products, another is growing demand in China. ... Market development. The demand on the paper and packaging products has been growing steadfastly during the last several years. High prices on the paper in the USA are ones of the indicators of the growth in the demand on the paper and packaging products, another is growing demand in China. Most of analytics almost universally agree that the demand will continue to grow in the next several years, and there are grounds to assume that manufactures in China will produce much less paper than current demand of the Chinese economy requires. According to the information of Datamonitor, China exhibited the growth of 9% in the demand on paper in 2005 compared with the same period in 2004.4 Stora Enso continues its aggressive expansion in the Chinese market. It recently has signed the contract with another paper company of China, in the southern province of Guangxi. According to the agreement mentioned the company will be able to acquire the rights on 600 ha of forests in the province, moreover the company is poised to establish 120000 ha of plantation to satisfy the demand on paper products in the province. 5 India is another potential market for the products of Stora Enso. Indian economy has been growing rapidly during the last several years as well; demand on the paper and the packaging products has been growing in this country and according to the predictions of several specialists this country will be another important player in the market of paper industry. Diversification. This is the part of Ansoff's matrix where new possibilities for the marketing of new products and services should be studied. As one knows from the theory of marketing there are two types of diversification: related and

Services Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Services Management - Essay Example For Virgin Trains and any other business for that matter, to realize improved service delivery and performance emanating from effective service process and people management, it is imperative that the business’ processes are aligned with the wants, needs, preferences, and tastes of its clients and employees. Such an alignment is quite an effective approach in promoting business effectiveness, efficiency, flexibility, technology use, and innovativeness. In addition, there should be a continuous attempt by the company to improve its processes. In other words, the firm should adopt a "process optimization process." This approach replaces the functionally focused and traditionally hierarchical management approaches that most businesses practice with more effectiveness and capabilities to generate revenues and reduce costs. Importantly, Virgin Trains ought to regard its service processes, service people, and resources as strategic assets, which must be well managed, understood, and constantly improved to help the business add value to its products and services. Finally, Virgin Trains may adopt sound process governance in which it would allocate its processes and work towards realizing its objectives in both its operational and progress-related sections.

The magic of the Arabian Nights Essay Example for Free

The magic of the Arabian Nights Essay The original, authentic, real Ur-text of the Arabian Nights (aka Alf Layla wa-Layla, or the Tales of a Thousand and One Nights, or just the Nights) is a mythical beast. There are far more than a thousand and one nights, for the thirty-four-and-a-half stories in the fourteenth or fifteenth century â€Å"core† body of the Nights were soon supplemented by other tales in Arabic and Persian, from the culture of medieval Baghdad and Cairo, and then in Hindi and Urdu and Turkish, tales carried by pilgrims and crusaders, merchants and raiders, back and forth by land and sea. And then came the narratives added by European translators, as well as the adaptations (in paintings and films) and retellings by modern novelists and poets. There is no agreed-upon table of contents. As Marina Warner points out, at the start of this enchanting book, â€Å"the stories themselves are shape-shifters†, and the Arabian Nights, like â€Å"one of the genies who stream out of a jar in a pillar of smoke†, took on new forms under new masters. The corpus lacks not only parents but a birthplace; Persia, Iraq, India, Syria and Egypt all claim to have spawned it. So the Thousand and One Arabian Nights are not only not a thousand and one but not (just) Arabian. The chronological and cultural strata of the Nights are like the layers of a nested Russian doll: you pull off the twentieth century (Salman Rushdie in Haroun and the Sea of Stories, Walt Disney, Errol Flynn) and then the nineteenth and eighteenth century (Marie-Catherine d’Aulnoy, Jean Antoine Galland, Richard Francis Burton, Edward W. Lane); and finally you get to the Arabic sources, and you think you’ve hit pay dirt. But then you sense, behind the Arabic, Homer and the Mahabharata, and the Bible, and you see that there is no there there. It’s not an artichoke – peel away the leaves of the later, accreted, interpolated layers until you find the original centre – but an onion: peel away the leaves and at the centre you find – nothing. Or, perhaps, everything; lacking a birthplace, the Nights also lack a grave: â€Å"The book cannot ever be read to its conclusion†, says Warner: â€Å"it is still being written†. Scholars who could not cure themselves of the nineteenth-century obsession  of searching for the source (of the Nights, of the Nile, of the human race . . .) were soon disappointed to discover that many of the most popular tales – including â€Å"Sinbad†, â€Å"Aladdin and his lamp†, and â€Å"Ali Baba and the forty thieves† – were arrivistes, with no legitimate Arab parents. Jorge Luis Borges, in his essay on â€Å"The Translators of the Thousand and One Nights†, credits Hanna Diab, the Christian Arab colleague of Galland, with the invention of several of these â€Å"orphan tales†. Aditya Behl (in Love’s Subtle Magic, 2012) traces Sinbad back to Sanskrit tales of Sanudasa the merchant. Like the beast fables and mirrors for princes that travelled from India to Europe, so too these sailors’ yarns about the marvels of the Indies circulated in the Islamic and pre-Islamic world of the Indian Ocean. (There is also a thirteenth-century Hebrew text of the Sinbad story). But for many people, the Arabian Nights without â€Å"Sinbad† or â€Å"Aladdin† is like Hamlet without Hamlet, and purists who produced â€Å"authentic† editions without these tales met with such backlash from the reading public that they quickly published supplementary volumes including the beloved bastards. Warner’s subtle unravelling of the rich history of this tradition, from the earliest Arabic traces to present-day interpretations, demonstrates that each of the many versions has a claim to its own authenticity. Yet, within the Arabic tradition, the tales of the Nights were discounted as popular trash, pulp fiction; despite numerous allusions to the Prophet, and quotations and echoes of the Qur’an, they were â€Å"too much fun, often transgressive or amoral fun, to be orthodox or respectable . . .†. Galland cleaned out the homosexual episodes, but Burton (whom Warner calls â€Å"the Frank Harris of the desert and the bazaar†) footnoted them and generally made the tales more salacious, stealing most of them from Richard Payne and adding many of his own, thumbing his nose at the prevailing prudery of Victorian Britain, â€Å"with glee and a fair deal of invention, projection, and transference†. One reviewer epitomized the European translators as â€Å"Galland for the nursery, Lane for the library, Payne for the study, and Burton for the sewers.† Stranger Magic: Charmed states and the â€Å"Arabian Nights† explodes two myths about the Nights: that only the Arabic stories are the â€Å"real ones† and that  you need to know Arabic to understand the Arabian Nights. The two ideas are mutually reinforcing: if there were a single ancient Arabic text, one might well want to read it in the original language; but since there is no such text, the stories in all languages and translations are fair game for all of us to respond to (a creative process in which, as Borges put it, â€Å"the translator is being translated†). The full spectrum of stories certainly yields spectacular insights in the hands of Warner, Professor of Literature, Film, and Theatre Studies at the University of Essex, who knows more than anyone alive about the uses of myth and folklore in literature, fine arts, and film. She has written eye-opening books about fairy tales about women (From the Beast to the Blonde: On fairy tales and their tellers, 1996) and men (No Go the Bogeyman: On scaring, lulling, and making mock, 2000) and spirits (Phantasmagoria, 2006) and much else. She is fluent in a number of European and classical languages. But she does not know Arabic. Though she grew up in Cairo and spoke Arabic as a child, â€Å"unfortunately nobody encouraged me to keep it up, and besides, I never could read it†. I must confess that, as a card-carrying Sanskrit snob myself, I first regarded Warner’s lack of Arabic as a potential barrier to her understanding of the stories; after all, as she herself remarks, of William Beckford (1760–1844), â€Å"Beckford paid attention to these inconsistencies and weaknesses in the fabric of the narrative, possibly because he was working from an Arabic manuscript, and the discipline of translation sharpens one’s wits†. Of course, Warner makes good use of the work of scholars of Arabic, pointing out, for instance, contrasts between the Arabic texts in which a huge female jinn (or genie) takes a trophy ring from 570 men, and the translations, in which she gets only ninety-eight. Moreover, the linguistic subtleties that can be achieved only by â€Å"working from an Arabic manuscript† are not essential to the hunt for the larger game that Warner is after, which is a literary archaeology and analysis of what the Nights have meant to people in diverse cultures and epochs, not merely as amusing Oriental artefacts but as profound sources of human understanding. And even linguistic purists will pardon Warner, as W. H. Auden once pardoned  Paul Claudel, for writing well. A fine novelist, Warner works her legerdemain, hiding behind the velvet curtain at the end of the book the endnotes that betray the extraordinary erudition under the elegant prose. She appreciates good writing and laces her book with bons mots from other writers as well as with her own memorable lines, such as â€Å"Homo narrans observes no ethnic divisions, and has more than one god before him† and â€Å"At a level beneath the surface of the narratives, a meaning gathers definition, the watermark in their fabric†. Good writing, good storytelling, is the heroine of this book, embodied in the heroine of the frame story within which all the other stories are gathered: Shahrazad (Scheherazade). The cuckolded and embittered Sultan Shahriyar every night marries a virgin whom he beheads in the morning; Shahrazad volunteers, but after they have slept together she tells him a story that is still unfinished at dawn; the Sultan postpones her execution to the next day, and the next, on and on; in the course of the stories, she cures the Sultan of his misogyny. This is a story about storytelling, feminist protest, dreams, sex and violence. For Warner, it is the springboard for a meditation, threaded throughout the book, on writing as an amulet, a talisman; for writing as magic; and for the story within a story. Putting your own frame around your story makes you the author instead of just a character in someone else’s story – though of course you may be that too, whether you know it or not. The frame mechanism also underlies the themes of the dreamer dreamt, dreams within dreams, and shared dreams, which abound in the Nights, where â€Å"the storytelling scene itself in the Sultan’s bedroom wraps the stories in the night†. Moreover, as Warner points out, â€Å"the anti-realism of the stories matches dream experiences: suddenness and vividness, fragmentation, episodic and often entangling structures, displacements in time and space, the instability of bodies, and a recurrence of certain motifs, are all features of dreams†. Some dreamers move about on flying beds, apropos of which Warner notes that the English words sofa (from suffiah in Arabic), divan (from diwan in Persian), and ottoman (Turkish) are all words for a day bed; the oriental sofa became â€Å"the epitome of oriental hedonism, . . . a low-lying  couch for reclining and abandoning oneself, alone or with others – to love-making, autoeroticism, smoking, gossiping, daydreaming, to storytelling, reading and studying, and to quietness and reflection†. It is the place where daydreaming readers lie fantasizing about the stories they’ve read. The dream stories, too, fly all over. The tale of â€Å"A Fortune Regained† is about a man who learns, from another man’s dream, where his own fortune is hidden. Borges retold it as â€Å"The Story of Two Dreamers† and attributes it to the Arab historian al-Ishaqi, but it also entered Jewish Hassidic tradition (as the tale of Rabbi Eisik from Cracow) and was retold by Martin Buber. Sanskritists can trace some of the dream tales in the Nights back to the Sanskrit text of the Yogavasistha, which was composed alongside the Ocean of Stories, the Indian version of the Arabian Nights (frames within frames, and all), in Kashmir in the eleventh or twelfth century. But Warner’s goal is different; she traces the dream stories forward to our present world, where the idea that the individual mind creates its own reality, which other consciousnesses may enter and control, â€Å"has become a central modern myth, paranoid, solipsistic, and deeply deterministic. It has gained purchase because it matches the way many experience their lives†. Warner chooses just fifteen stories to retell briefly, from both the oldest and later layers (though she does not include â€Å"Sinbad† or â€Å"Aladdin and his lamp†: there is an Aladdin, but instead of a lamp he has a flying bed). Each story inspires an essay on several themes central to that story: jinns, carpets, witches, magicians, dervishes, dream knowledge, Orientalism, King Solomon, talismans, Voltaire and his crowd, Goethe, flying, toys, money, shadows, films, machines, couches, and much, much more. The essays form a coherent chain. This is not, however, a book to read straight through but one to wander in, forward and back, night after night. Most of the stories involve magic. Warner’s argument about the importance of magical thinking in modernity is not particularly surprising, but she documents it in highly original ways. Her analysis of the exoticization of magic through the use of Oriental material, since the eighteenth century,  enhances her discussion of the way that early films of stories from the Nights superimpose Arabic magic on the magic of filmmaking, so that the magic flying horse becomes an objective correlative of the projector, with the peg between the ears of the magic steed, and the brake on the tail, echoing the mechanism that controls the passage of the film through the projector. There is also the magic of speech acts, not just, â€Å"With this ring I thee wed† but â€Å"Hoc est corpus meum†, which inspired the phrase â€Å"hocus pocus† in mockery of the â€Å"trick of transubstantiation†. Warner discusses the magic of things (such as rings and carpets) as fetishes, and cites Lorraine Daston’s insight (in Things That Talk, 2004) into idols (from the Greek eidolon), illusions that are misleading and fraudulent. Daston contrasts idols with evidence, but notes that the two often blend together; forensic exhibits may be fabricated or, on the other hand, become powerful fetishes and take on the idol’s ability to haunt. Warner compares these â€Å"objects with uncanny life† to Winnicott’s transitional objects and to the quasi-magical functioning of her BlackBerry, Satnav, and iPod. And then there is the magic of Freud. Warner suggests that when Freud called his couch an ottoman and covered it with a Persian carpet, he may have been, â€Å"consciously or unconsciously†, creating an Oriental setting for the first psychoanalytical talking cures, â€Å"a form of storytelling, with the roles reversed (it is the narrator who needs to be healed, not the listener-Sultan)†. Freud, who kept a statue of the Hindu god Vishnu on his desk, was very much an Orientalist. Orientalism looms large in Stranger Magic. â€Å"The Orient in the Arabian Nights has its own Orient†, says Warner, also quoting Amit Chaudhuri: â€Å"The Orient, in modernity, is not only a European invention but also an Oriental one†. Fairy tales had always had what Warner calls â€Å"a structural impulse† to imagine that dangerous magic came from far away, but the â€Å"gradual orientalisation of magicians† exacerbated the tendency to have the dirty work done by strangers, â€Å"so that the home team keeps its hands clean and its smile all innocence†. Warner writes in the shadow of Edward Said’s Orientalism (1978), but she is also sympathetic to Said’s later, more balanced, more generous self (in Culture and Imperialism, 1993), and she  acknowledges some of the positive uses of Orientalism. Through the dynamics of â€Å"reverse colonization†, eighteenth-century Europeans used images of Orientalist despotism and sexual and religious depravity to parody their own culture; Voltaire’s satirical Oriental contes were â€Å"an obvious instance of the West putting on Eastern dress in order to examine itself more clearly†. Western feminists could write of â€Å"emancipation in the Oriental mode†, calling up the image of Eastern men, castigated for tyranny and sexual abuses; while the effeminate East reflected Western women’s condition back to them. Performances of plays about Aladdin, in Britain, were used to address, covertly, arguments about the slave trade in America. The film The Thief of Bagdad (1924, directed by Raoul Walsh, and starring Douglas Fairbanks) is, as Warner points out, â€Å"flagrantly Orientalist†. It ends with the Thief â€Å"acclaimed by the adoring grateful multitude as he enters the city at the head of an army bent on rescuing Baghdad from the tyrant emperor†. For us, the city is no longer Hollywood’s â€Å"Bagdad†, but CNN’s Baghdad. As I read Stranger Magic, the city of Bagdad/Baghdad shimmered before my eyes in a double image: the magical place of flying carpets and the scene of a devastating war. I was stunned by the relevance of phrases from the old stories, such as, â€Å"He falls into such a rage he declares war on Iraq: he will lay the country to waste†. Eventually we learn that Baghdad and Iraq had those double meanings for Warner as well. How could they not? As she viewed the film, The Thief of Bagdad, during the war in Iraq in 2003, it became â€Å"an unconscious parable of Western expansionism at the level of nations†. She began the research for this book during the first Gulf War, and wrote it â€Å"during the many, appalling and unresolved conflicts in the regions where the Nights originated. I wanted to present another side of the culture cast as the enemy and an alternative history to vengeance and war†. Not that the Nights themselves come off scot-free; the â€Å"later layers† of narratives include a lot of violence against Christians and conversion to Islam, while the European translations are often anti-Semitic. But in earlier layers there is more interfaith marriage and the observance of Islamic precepts of  tolerance. Warner hopes that her reading of the Nights might offer â€Å"a path towards cha nging preconceptions about Arabs, Islam, and the history and civilization of the Middle and Near East†. The impulse to write a book reminding readers of the beauty and wisdom of that civilization makes Warner an Orientalist in the pre-Saidian, positive sense of the word, which once meant â€Å"people who love the Orient† – never mind how or why they loved it. Many of the early European historians of religions, in the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries, were trying, within their Orientalist limits, to make the civilization of the Orient comprehensible, and hence acceptable, to people in the West who would otherwise regard all Orientals as ignorant savages. The founding mantra of the science of comparative religion was the hope that if you know peoples’ stories you are less likely to slaughter them, the lesson that Shahrazad taught to the Sultan. This is the comparatist’s version, avant la lettre, of Emmanuel Levinas’s famous dictum that the face of the other says, â€Å"Don’t kill me†. The guiding impulse of Stranger Magic tur ns out to be that noble, if perhaps naive, Orientalists’ goal. But Warner has another personal investment in this book. She asks, at the start, â€Å"How do we live with the intrinsic, problematic irrationality of our consciousness? How do we make a helpful distinction between religious adherence and an acknowledgement that myth and magic have their own logic and potential, independent of belief in higher powers?† Noting that eighteenth-century writers used the Orient as a place where â€Å"their own reasoning imagination could take wing†, and granting that â€Å"reasoned imagination† (Borges’s phrase) is an oxymoron, she nevertheless hopes that the dream-like stories of the Nights might be the â€Å"fable of modernity† that she has longed for, â€Å"a fable that would meet anthropological needs†. Warner confesses that her particular attraction to â€Å"the implausible, impossible, and fantastic stories† puzzles her, for, she remarks, â€Å"I was once a fervent Catholic and know what it is like to yield fully to verbal transformative magic, miracles, and other demands on faith beyond reason, and I struggled free (lost my faith) a long time ago. So why do I still like to think and read about jinn and animal metamorphoses, conjured palaces and vanishing  treasures, deadly automata and flying sofas, ghastly torments and ineluctable destinies?† Ah, Marina, walk over to that ottoman that Freud covered with the carpet, lie down, and reread that paragraph; it is not your question, but your answer. And, abracadabra, it is our answer too.

Superstition in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain

Mark Twain saturates the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn with many examples of superstition and myths. These aspects of the novel help the story progress, they provide entertainment and help the story identify with the time. The most important reason for the superstition and the rituals that come along with them are they are one of the main reasons for the adventure in the first place. There are many examples throught the story of the superstition from the spider in the candle to the rattle-snake skin and the hair-ball. One of the first examples of superstition is a simple thing that carried some of the biggest consequences.†One morning I happened to turn over the saltcellar at breakfast. I reached for some of it as quick as I could to throw over my left shoulder and keep off the bad luck, but Miss Watson was in ahead of me, and crossed me off. â€Å"This is an example of how everything superstition has a ritual to remove the bad luck. Huck was not satisfied thought with what the widow had done for him he says â€Å"The widow put in a good word for me, but that warn’t going to keep off the bad luck, I knowed that well enough.† This fear of bad luck was acompanied by seeing his fathers shoe prints in the snow so Huck knew he had to do something. What Huck ended up doing was going to Miss Watson’s slave Jim who had a magical hair-ball. When Huck goes to find out what the hairball can tell him Jim tells Huck that the hairball needs money to tell his fortune. All Huck had however is a conterfiet quarter. Jim managed to make it work though by sticking it inside a potato to fool the hair-ball. What the hair ball ended up telling them is this â€Å"Yo’ole fathe doan’ know yit what he’s a gwyne to do. Somtimes he spec he’ll go ‘way, en den ag’in he spec he’ll stay. De bes’ way is tores easy enlet so ole man take his own way. Dey’s two angels hoverin’ roun’ ‘bout him. One uv’em’s light en t’other one is dark.

Musical Instruments Essay

1. Do you believe it is still possible that new musical instruments could be invented and widely distributed? Empirically, though the diversity of musical instruments has reached a quite high level, human has never stopped their exploration into music. So, I think it’s highly possible that several new musical instruments can be invented and widely distributed. The musical history has already proved this. Before 19th century, the majority of musical instruments are acoustic, and most people at that time held the opinion that we already have enough instruments. However, accompany with the development of electricity and latter computer technology, electronic music has grown rapidly. Musical instruments are no longer bonded within the acoustic. Maybe in the future, we can even use the photon to make some music. 2. Do you think that existing orchestral instruments will be drastically altered in the future? I think some fine turning may occur on existing orchestral instruments but drastically change may not happen. With hundred years of development and perfection, orchestra has already formed its own system and process. Its requirement to musical instruments is almost fixed. Already some fine turning may be applied in order to achieve better acoustic effect, but the outer shape and essential component of these musical instruments won’t be changed since they have already be a symbol of orchestra. 3. Will the computer and other electronic instruments eventually replace acoustical instruments? Which do you prefer? Definitely not. Diversity is an essential part of music, if all the music is generated by electronic devices, it can be quite boring and people will suffer aesthetic fatigue. Personally, I prefer acoustical instruments, why, just personal taste. 4. Please open YouTube and listen to composition Desintegrations for 17 instruments and computer tape (1983) created by French composer Tristan Murail (1947-). Can you separate sound materials created by the acoustic instruments from the tape material? Are they often fused? Are they created to resemble each other? For those parts in which only one instrument occurred I can figure out the type, while for those with more than two, I can not. Yes, they often fused together, especially in modern music. Yes, they do resemble to each other otherwise the music won’t achieve harmonic sound effect.