Analysis Of The Film The Invention Of Hugo Cabret By...

To critique a film, we need to cover all aspects of the production. This includes narrative, acting, cinematography, editing, and music. The film for this critique is Hugo. Before we can get into critique, let s get a quick plot summary. Hugo is a 2011 film directed by Martin Scorsese from an adaptation of Brian Selznick s graphic novel The Invention of Hugo Cabret. The story is focused around a 12 year old boy named Hugo who lives in Paris in 1931. Hugo grew up with his father who is a clockmaker. Hugo s father is killed in a freak fire at the museum he works at. Hugo is taken in by his uncle, who maintains the clocks at the Gare Montparnasse railway station. All that Hugo has left from his father is a broken down automation and his father s notebook. Hugo s uncle goes missing for many years so it s his responsibility to maintain the clocks at the station. Hugo must remain unseen in the walls of the railway to remain on his own, otherwise he will be sent to the orphanage. It s Hugo s mission to fix the automation in hopes of there being a message from his father. He steals pieces from the toy store located at the station until he is caught by the owner and stripped of his notebook. In a plead to get his notebook back, Hugo meets the shop owner s goddaughter, Isabelle. Isabelle and Hugo become really good friends and spend a lot of time together reading and watching films. When Hugo becomes comfortable enough, he explains his life situation to Isabelle and shows

A Review of the Book Calabash Parkway - 2017 Words

At first glance, Dr. Brenda DoHarris’ Calabash Parkway appears to be a novel about a Guyanese woman meeting an old friend from her native land, in New York, after several years. Upon further reading, the novel has resilient records of feminism in the protagonists Agatha, Evadne, and Gwennie. The three are emasculated by poverty, neglect, and abuse. Living in a masculinized country the three women refuse to succumb to their struggles of life. These powerless characteristics of the three young women are overcome after immigrating to New York and Canada. The first reflection of feminism is ‘Gatha’s life of poverty. â€Å"The shadow of political tyranny and economic malaise loomed over the country† (DoHarris 6)1.Those living in Guyana struggled to†¦show more content†¦She is well aware of whom her father is, but his not willing to acknowledge of her as his daughter plagues her; â€Å"remembering the vilest human feeling of all – to be a child virtually devoid of adult love and protection† (31). She meets Compton, a Guyanese man returning to pick up his residence papers from the US Embassy, and quickly falls in love, marries him, and moves to New York where he currently resides. Dr. DoHarris expounds that: â€Å"Not only had Evadne been able to snag a bridegroom, but she secured one who would be able to wisk her off de mudflat, thousands of miles away from the stich-by-miserable-stich existence to which she had thought she was irrevocably wed† (39). â€Å"Nor are Evadne’s struggles in New York any less compelling than ‘Gatha’s. Indeed, in some ways, they may be more so; for Evadne’s relationship with Compton becomes complicated when his former lover Jennifer gives birth to his daughter, Joy; and when Evadne and Compton buy a house from Jennifer’s sister the complications erupt with Jennifer shooting and killing Compton† (DoHarris qtd in Birbalsingh p.131). Gwennie, like Evadne, struggles with overcoming a past of being sexually abused, not by a stranger or distant relative, but by her father. Once leaving Guyana she never returned, not even when hearing of the death of her mother. Explaining to the narrator, â€Å"For many years, most often when he came home drunk, my father molested me. Oh†¦my

Thugs in Ancient India Free Essays

string(41) " about the male members of their family\." Thugs In Accient India On a well-worn road through central India, Lieutenant Subhani of the Bengal Native Infantry and his three traveling companions were nearing the final leg of their journey. Ordinarily the Lieutenant would have only his pair of loyal orderlies to keep him company as he traveled, but today a third man walked alongside hishorse—a stranger who had joined him only that morning. The year was 1812, and the pleasant October weather made for an easy trek. We will write a custom essay sample on Thugs in Ancient India or any similar topic only for you Order Now Subhani knew these roads could be dangerous for travelers, especially at this time of year, but he was untroubled. Trained soldiers and well-armed, he and his men were an unlikely target for roving bandits. But a much greater threat loomed over them on that dusty road, closer at hand than the travelers could have possibly conceived. Accounts of a secret cult of murderers roaming India go back at least as far as the 13th century, but to modern history their story usually begins with the entrance of the British Empire in the early 1800s. For some years, India’s British administrators had been hearing reports of large numbers of travelers disappearing on the country’s roads; but, while disturbing, such incidents were not entirely unusual for the time. It was not until the discovery of a series of eerily similar mass graves across India that the truth began to dawn. Each site was piled with the bodies of individuals ritually murdered and buried in the same meticulous fashion, leading to an inescapable conclusion: these killings were the work of a single, nation-spanning organization. It was known as Thuggee. At its root, the word â€Å"Thuggee† means â€Å"deceivers,† and this name hints at the methods employed by the cult. Bands of Thugs traveled across the country posing as pilgrims, merchants, soldiers, or even royalty, in groups numbering anywhere from a few men to several hundred. Offering protection or company, they would befriend fellow travelers and slowly build their confidence along the road. Often the impostors would journey for days and hundreds of miles with their intended victims, patiently waiting for an opportunity to strike. When the time was right, typically while their targets were encamped and at their most relaxed, a signal would be given—reportedly â€Å"Bring the tobacco†Ã¢â‚¬â€and the Thugs would spring. Each member had a well-honed specialty; some distracted their quarry, some made noise or music to mask anycries, while others guarded the campsite from intruders and escapees. Thugs of the highest rank performed the actual killings. As a prohibition against shedding blood was at the core of Thuggee belief, the murders were performed in a bloodless fashion. The usual method was strangulation with a rumal, the yellow silk handkerchief each thug wore tied around his waist; but an occasional neck-breaking or poisoning helped to add some variety. It was a matter of honor for the Thugs to let no one escape alive once they had been selected for death. Lieutenant Subhani and his orderlies had spent the previous night as guests at the home of Ishwardas Moti, a prestigious cotton merchant and local official. There he had been introduced to another of Moti’s guests, the man who was traveling with him now. Moklal was his name—a business associate of Moti’s, he was told, and one he had spoken of most highly. â€Å"Narsinghpur! † Moti had exclaimed upon hearing the Lieutenant’s destination, â€Å"What a fortunate coincidence! Moklal is traveling that way as well. Perhaps you could go with him for the extra protection? † Subhani, though reluctant to take on a civilian traveling companion, did not wish to offend his host—and at any rate, Moklal seemed amiable enough. He agreed. For the members of Thuggee, murder was both a way of life and a religious duty. They believed their killings were a means of worshiping the Hindu goddess Kali, who was honored at each stage of the murder by a vast and complex system of rituals and superstitions. Thugs were guided to their victims by omens observed in nature, and once the deed was done, the graves and bodies were prepared according to strict ceremonies. A sacrificial rite would be conducted after the burial involving the consecration of sugar and of the sacred pickax, the tool the brotherhood believed was given to them by Kali to dig the graves of their prey. Thugs were certainly not above robbing their victims, but traditionally a portion of the spoils would be set aside for the goddess. Kali, despite her fearsome appearance, is not an evil deity. For more mainstream Hindus, she is a goddess of time and transformation who can impart understanding of life, death, and creation. To the members of the Thuggee cult, she was something else entirely. Their Kali craved human blood, and demanded endless sacrifice to satisfy her hunger. According to Thuggee legend, Kali once battled a terrible demon which roamed the land, devouring humans as fast as they were created. But every drop of the monster’s blood that touched the ground spawned a new demon, until the exhausted Kali finally created two human men, armed with rumals, and instructed them to strangle the demons. When their work was finished, Kali instructed them to keep the rumals in their family and use them to destroy every man not of their kindred. This was the tale told to Thuggeeinitiates. All Thugs were male, and membership in the cult was hereditary apart from a few outsiders allowed to join voluntarily and some young boys captured in raids. Around their tenth birthday, the sons of Thugs would be invited to witness their first murder, but only from a distance. Gradually over the years they could strive to achieve the rank of bhuttote, or strangler. Thuggee membership was for life, all the way up to the elderly Thugs who still did what they could for the group as cooks or spies—yet the wives and daughters of these men might never know the truth about the male members of their family. You read "Thugs in Ancient India" in category "Papers" Their extreme secrecy combined with their mastery of murder made the Thugs the deadliest secret society in all of history. In the early 19th century they were credited with 40,000 deaths annually, stretching back as far as anyone cared to count. Some estimates put the overall death toll as high as 2,000,000, but with the cult potentially operating for more than 500 years before formal records were kept, the true number is impossible to determine. Even as the evidence began to mount, most members of India’s British-run government remained dismissive of claims that a secret cult of murderers was terrorizing the countryside. It would be the efforts of a single soldier that would eventually turn this apathy around. After nearly a day’s travel with his new companion, Lieutenant Subhani did not regret allowing Moklal to join him. The man was talkative and well-educated, and his conversation seemed to shorten the long journey considerably. As dusk approached, Moklal explained that his destination, a wayside grove where he planned to spend the night, was just ahead. â€Å"There I am meeting my friends. Please, stay with us tonight, and let me repay you the courtesy of escorting me today. † Subhani, tired from the day’s journey and already beginning to think of where he and his men might make camp, agreed. A fire was burning by the time they reached the campsite, while around it an animated group of men were gathered. A flurry of introductions went around—many of these men were business associates of Moklal, it was learned, while others were family—and soon Subhani and his orderlies felt like part of the group, eating and laughing with the men. William Henry SleemanSir William Henry Sleeman was a sober, no-nonsense Bengal Army officer who from early on dedicated his career to the eradication of Thuggee. Faced with a wall of disbelief and indifference from his superiors, he transferred to the Civil Service where he could gain enough authority to wage his war personally. As a district magistrate by the 1820s, he gathered a force of Indian policemen under him and set torooting out the cult with a variety of innovative policing methods. By examining common attack sites and listening for reports of suspicious figures, Sleeman and his men formulated predictions of where the next large attack was likely to occur. They would then turn the Thugs’ own methods against them—disguised as merchants, the officers would wait at the chosen site for a group of Thugs to approach, and ambush them. Information obtained from the prisoners was used to plan the next strike. But Sleeman’s job would not be easy, as one of the Thuggee cult’s defining characteristics was its pervasiveness within Indian society. In an era where strict caste divisions dominated every aspect of life, Thuggee was unique for transcending all such social barriers. Anyone from a farmer to an aristocrat could be a Thug. Many were even Muslims who, in a truly inspiring feat of rationalization, managed to reconcile their practice of human sacrifice to a goddess with their religion’s strict ban on idolatry and murder. When members of the brotherhood were not terrorizing travelers, they lived as normal—often upstanding—citizens, with ordinary social lives and occupations. It was impossible to know who might be with the Thugs, even among one’s closest friends. What was more bizarre, and endlessly frustrating for Sleeman, was the level of protection the Thugs seemed to enjoy within India. Though they clearly had the country living in fear, a strange ambivalence toward the cult existed. Local police and officials turned a blind eye to reports of Thug activities, while peasants would simply work around the bodies that occasionally appeared in their fields and wells. Landowners and Indian princes often explicitly shielded known Thugs, to the point that they would sometimes violently clash with British soldiers on the hunt. The reasons for this strange reaction to the cult are varied and complex. In the case of the lower-ranked members of society, it most often may have simply been out of fear or superstition; it was believed by some that the goddess Kali would take revenge on those who interfered with her followers. The rich and powerful, for their part, may have had some vested interest in Thug activity: bribery, perhaps, or they may simply have been charmed by master con artists. Some poor villages accepted the murder and robbery of rich travelers as simply a way of bringing wealth into the region—for many, Thugging was apparently viewed as a regular tax-paying profession, as noble as any other. Whatever the cause, it meant that Sleeman’s men were more often than not met with silence as they probed residents for information. But a few factors were in Sleeman’s favor. First, the Thugs’ beliefs forbade them from killing certain groups, including women, fakirs, musicians, lepers—and Europeans. Thuggee was thus unable to retaliate against its English persecutors even when it had the opportunity. Second, once captured, most Thugs cooperated with authorities willingly—one might even say gleefully. Staunch fatalists, the imprisoned Thugs believed their situation was the result of their displeasing the goddess. They therefore showed little remorse in turning in their brothers, believing that anything that happened to them would be the will of Kali. Some suspect that Thuggee prisoners even deliberately accused innocent men; unable to strangle in person during their incarceration, sending men to the gallows was a convenient way of keeping up their obligation to Kali. As for those condemned todie, it is said that each went to his death with no trace of emotion, often requesting only that he be allowed to place the noose around his own neck. With informants pouring in at an ever-increasing rate, Sleeman’s campaign against the Thugs gained ground beyond anyone’s expectations. Within a few years the cult was crippled, and by the end of the 19th century the British declared Thuggee extinct. Sleeman was hailed as a hero by most of India, and in many parts of the country he is still revered. But there are those who have wondered if the British were too quick to congratulate themselves. It is difficult for some to imagine how a secret fraternity that had survived for centuries and engrained itself into every facet of Indian society could have been eliminated in so short a time. Certainly, the mass killings are a distant memory, and India no longer lives in fear of its shadow. But in some remote areas, rumors still linger about the yellow-sashed strangers who welcome travelers with open arms and a friendly smile. It was dark when Subhani and his new friends had finished eating. For a time they sat in comfortable silence, with only an occasional quiet exchange passing between men seated across the fire next to one another. But no one had yet turned in for sleep. Moklal turned from the fire to Subhani. â€Å"Perhaps a smoke before bed? † he offered. The Lieutenant nodded gratefully. Moklal smiled, then looked up at someone apparently standing behind Subhani. â€Å"bring the Tobacco â€Å" How to cite Thugs in Ancient India, Papers

Marketing Principle for Melyn Green Refrigerator - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Principle for Melyn Green Refrigerator. Answer: Current situation Background to sustainable offering Melyn Green Refrigerator provides the high-quality home services related to food storage and preservation. This product also facilitates a resolution to gain demand of energy in the home. It also depends on the function of solar energy. Solar energy is a clean and renewable source of energy. Therefore, it provides sustainability to the environment. Furthermore, this new product will need to invest less amount of money. It will offer the fridge users (Jobber, and Ellis-Chadwick, 2016).This product promoted the energy conservation and also encourages the financial sustainability and sustainable use of energy in a home setting. Environmental analysis The environment of the political system is very constant in Australia which facilitates an effective environment for development and growth of Melyn Green Refrigerator. But, at the same time, the Australian economic environment can negatively impact on sales volume of the company due to global financial meltdown. Besides this, the social factor like beliefs, attitudes, and perception of consumers act in favor to Melyn Green Refrigerator. This product is designed by using advanced technology which makes sure the efficiency. Along with this, the Australian atmosphere is largely affected through pollution but Melyn Green Refrigerator promotes the sustainability in an environment (Goworek, and McGoldrick, 2015). Consequently, this product will be accepted in an Australian market. Market and customer analysis This product is used in a consumer market hence this product can be directly delivered to retailers and consumers to increase their profits. There are a high amount of potential consumers who can be interested in solar-energy refrigerators. Further, it is analyzed that current consumers are sensitive towards the environment and their consumption can impact on the environment. Hence, they need products which are eco-friendly such as Melyn Green Refrigerator. Moreover, consumers can get a renewable source of energy at affordable prices (Moriarty, et. al., 2014).The Australian consumers give priority to high-quality product hence it is beneficial for Melyn Company to sell Melyn Green Refrigerator to Australian consumers because this product delivers added value to them. Objectives Financial objectives To attain the revenue of approximately $1, 50,000 per annum from this product (it is about half value of average Melyn Company) To increase the net profit of about 15% of revenue To gain the return on investment by 12% Marketing objectives To increase the customer satisfaction on all products by 90% To obtain promotion and endorsement through local celebrities Stakeholder objectives To provide save energy system by 90% To become familiar and participated in government energy-saving campaign Target market Melyn Company should target the market on the basis of geographical, demographical and psychographic factors. Under the geographical category, the company will target the urban areas of Australia. Under the demographical factor, the company should segment the market on the basis of age, gender, and income. For launching Melyn Green Refrigerator product, the company will select the above 24 years ages of people. Further, it will also target the both male and female to deliver the products because this can be used by both people. It will also target the middle-class income in order to cover a wide range of products (Weinstein, 2013).Under the psychographic factor, the company will select to that individual who gives priority to take eco-friendly products. Marketing strategies Positioning To attract the medium class people, who need to keep safe food storage, Melyn Green Refrigerator is a food storage system that allows it to stay connected with people because it provides safe food storage and preservation solution at an affordable price than the competing technologies. The company can also create the positioning in the market by delivering the added value to customers. It will also provide the financial sustainability to end-users by delivering solar power in its products as it is a key source of energy. At the same time, it will also facilitate the durable and high quality of refrigeration equipment to store the food with the domestic purpose (McHugh, and Krukonis, 2013).As a result, it can be stated that Melyn Green Refrigerator will create a positive image in the customers mind. Product/offering Melyn Green Refrigerator will deliver the high-quality of food storage and also provides the facility of preservation services in their residence. This product also facilitates a resolution to gain energy demand in homes. This product is created for domestic purpose hence company will provide Melyn Green Refrigerator at an affordable price (Ennew, et. al., 2013). Optional additional product-related strategies People The company should create the habit of thinking in the perspectives of people who are available inside and outside of the business. Since, these people are responsible for every activity related to sales and marketing. Melyn Company will recruit the right people at the right time for placing the right position as it would be beneficial to attract more customers towards this new product. Along with this, the company can hire HR manager who has proper skills and abilities to recruit the best workforce for influencing the customers (Moore, et. al., 2016). Process Melyn Company should use effective procedure and flow of activities by which services and products will be delivered as it is essential to marketing strategy. In this way, the company can use information systems and queuing systems to make effective relation with the customers as it would be beneficial to create brand loyalty among customers. Further, the information system will enable the company to keep the record of customers data hence it can provide offers to their customers and also get feedback from them (Armstrong, et. al., 2014). Consequently, Melyn Company can attract a large number of customers towards their products and services. Physical evidence Physical evidence is ability and atmosphere where products and services will be delivered to customers. In this way, the company will provide wide space to assess the products, self-service, and attractive light to check the products condition. It will also provide the different payment mode to pay the amount of swipe machine, cash, and e-channels. The company will also provide the brochures and data regarding the products as it will aid to the customer for selecting the products. As a result, it will increase the positive experience among existing customers because the company will satisfy to them (Wells, 2013). Price Melyn Company should adopt the penetration pricing and competitors oriented strategy to attract the customers. In this way, it can set its prices of product at a lower marginal rate as compared to its key market participants. Since, economic pricing strategy aids the company to persuade the huge potential customer and gain their share in the consumer market. The actual manufacturing cost of Melyn Green Refrigerator is less as compared to other brands in the market because of cheap labor. Therefore, it can easily implement economic pricing strategy and still produce good revenues (Varey, and Pirson, 2013). Placement The place is a marketing strategy in which products will be actually sold. In this way, the company can create the habit of assessing and reflecting the exact location in which customer attains the salesperson. Moreover, Melyn Company can sell Melyn Green Refrigerator in many different places like direct selling where it can send their salespeople to personally meet and talk with the potential customers. It can also use telemarketing in which can take orders through email and phone. It can also sell their product at a trade show and in retail shops. It can also use a combination of these methods to increase the revenue of product. It can also use B2C marketing which is a modern marketing strategy to sell the products and services (Idowu, et. al., 2013).These channels can be beneficial for the company to increase the demand of customer towards their products. Promotion/Marketing communications Melyn Green Refrigerator can be easily promoted due to its ecological status. In this way, Melyn Company can promote the concept regarding green ideas which is part of the community. Therefore, the community will actively support to save the energy and creating more demand of the customers. Further, the company can promote their product through different electronic media such as radio, television, print media, newspaper, magazines, and billboards. In the current scenario, customer highly uses social media hence company can use this media to promote their products (Brindley, and Oxborrow, 2014). In this way, it can use different modes such as Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. Marketing implementation The company will implement the following action plan to advertising and marketing of Melyn Green Refrigerator: Marketing activities The company will use different marketing channels like radio, and newspaper. It will also do hangout the handouts, discount vouchers, and brochures at a sports event. Along with this, it will gather the database of customers who comes under the loyalty member. It will also organize different types of public relations campaigns such as energy saving seminars and food storage and preservation events (Idowu, et. al., 2013). It can also provide small sponsorship to a local sports club. Target completing duration This project will be completed at 2/11/2017 as it will facilitate the company to adequate time to get prepared the products in the first week of November. Responsibilities Radio/newspaper marketing- salesperson Handouts and social media marketing- marketing manager Databases- all workforces who are on the job Public relations and sponsorship- sales team will organize the event and seminars Expenditure Appropriately $7, 000,000 will be required to meet the project. Budget Projected Budget for Melyn Green Refrigerator Revenues (in $) Sales 10,000 units @ approximately $9000 each 90,000,000.00 Less: Production cost Raw material 10,000 units@ approximately $6000 each 60,000,000.00 Less: Distribution costs Fuel 12000 Less: Marketing costs Advertising 40000 Databases 8000 Public relation 7000 sponsorships 18000 Sales promotion 16000 Total marketing cost 89000 Less: other expenses Utilities 70000 Rent 250,000 Wages@12% of sales 10,800,000.00 Superannuation @9% of wages 972,000.00 Insurance 10000 GST@12% of sales 10,800,000.00 Total other expenses 22,902,000.00 Projected profit 6,997,000.00 Proposed Return on Investment Equipment purchased 50000 Delivery truck 27000 ROI 77000 Evaluation and control The method is used for evaluating the success of marketing strategies. However, it depends on the different types of objectives: Financial Evaluation Revenue: it will be monitored on a weekly basis by cash register report to make sure targets are attained Profits and ROI: It will be calculated annually at the end of financial year and it will be compared from projected budget and also applies to revenue Wages: it will be monitored on weekly and determined against our sales to make sure the store uses are no greater than 15% of revenue on wages (Wells, 2013). Marketing Evaluation Market share-determines revenue at the end of financial year to assess if company has attained target of 12% Customer satisfaction- Company will use online and in-store questionnaire to get feedback from customers and take satisfaction rating about the product Endorsement- Company will approach the aforementioned organizations and request them to recommend our products (Varey, and Pirson, 2013). Stakeholders evaluation Save energy- company will assess solar energy in each product. It will also compare their energy system with their key competitors. Energy saving campaign- it will also participate in government energy saving research and demonstrates it on the television as a sponsor (Armstrong, et. al., 2014). References Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., and Kotler, P. (2014)Principles of marketing. Australia: Pearson. Brindley, C., and Oxborrow, L. (2014) Aligning the sustainable supply chain to green marketing needs: A case study,Industrial Marketing Management,43(1), pp. 45-55. Ennew, C., Waite, N., and Waite, R. (2013)Financial services marketing: An international guide to principles and practice. UK: Routledge. Goworek, H., and McGoldrick, P. (2015)Retail marketing management: Principles and practice. Australia: Pearson Higher Ed. Idowu, S. O., Zu, L., and Gupta, A. D. (2013)Encyclopedia of corporate social responsibility(Vol. 21). N. Capaldi (Ed.). New York: Springer. Jobber, D., and Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2016)Principles and Practice of Marketing. Australia: McGraw-Hill Education. McHugh, M., and Krukonis, V. (2013) Supercritical fluid extraction: principles and practice. UK: Elsevier. Moore, K. N., Swisher, M. E., Rodriguez, J. C., Blevins, M., Hogan, M., Hunter, L., ... and Redhage, D. (2016) Principles guiding practice: A case study analysis of the principles of sustainable agriculture for diverse farms,Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development,6(3), pp. 61-89. Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N. D., Wells, W. D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L., and Spence-Stone, R. (2014)Advertising: Principles and practice. Australia: Pearson. Varey, R., and Pirson, M. (Eds.). (2013) Humanistic Marketing. Berlin: Springer. Weinstein, A. (2013)Handbook of Niche Marketing: Principles and Practice. UK: Routledge. Wells, G. (Ed.). (2013)Sustainable business: Theory and practice of business under sustainability principles. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.

The Scarlet Letter Argumentative Essay Example For Students

The Scarlet Letter Argumentative Essay The work of American romance Nathaniel Hawthorne is a clear quantity and complex. Most researchers perceive the writers of the twentieth century: G. James, E. Wharton, and W. Faulkner. At the same time, scientists and world organizations often face contradictory, indefinite problems and ideas: puritan and a sarcastic critic, puritanism, a friend of Emerson, Alcott, resolutely rejected transcendentalism, a participant in an experiment that is made by accident. The narrative structure, in the opinion of the researchers, of the novel â€Å"Scarlet letter† by Hawthorne, is a harmonious complex of symbolic formations. The driven and strong character, its polysemy, and the possibility of associative links are due to the fact that various interpretations are allowed in the novel. The depth of symbolic overtones allows you to read the â€Å"Scarlet Letter† as a historical novel about the formation of a new nation, a psychological novel that explores the influence of feelings in a person’s soul, a novel about love, about a feminist. We will write a custom essay on The Scarlet Letter Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The motif of sunlight appears in the introduction for the first time, as a setting, in the chapter Market Square and unfolds on the second and third parts, portraying the public condemnation of Hester Prynne, a native and illegitimate woman-feminist and a sentence of a court sentence, wearing a scarlet letter A all her life (the initial  scarlet letter consultancy - adulteress ). The scarlet letter, which embodies the harsh and merciless spirit of Puritan legitimacy, â€Å"cut off from all people,† completes it in an â€Å"inaccessible circle of loneliness.† Sunlight illuminates like bright and shiny hair, and the eyes of the priest Wilson speak to the crowd with Greek preaching like the children of Hester’s child. Brotherhood in Sin† is an expression of the thesis of Puritanism the sinfulness of all before God, the equal rights of all in sin. Open that external guise. It is the sinfulness of all before God, the equality of all in sin. The scarlet letter gives Hester the ability to â€Å"guess through secret affinity the secret sin in the hearts of other people†, revealing that â€Å"the external appearance of purity can lie that if you could find out the truth, the scarlet letter would glow on the chest of many, and not just Hester Prynne, a woman with her behavior that is different from all people.† Literary analysis of the novel Priest Dimmesdale, the father of Hester’s child, guilty of violating moral law and concealing his guilt, is not condemned, but â€Å"the burden of crime and suffering closely paired him to the whole sinful brotherhood of men.† This secret brotherhood in sin does not exclude loneliness and disunity not only for woman. For example, hidden wine makes Dimmesdale hide his own suffering because his isolation is deeper and more terrible than Hester’s loneliness. Sunlight, playing on the scarlet letter of Hester, symbolizes a clear sin. That is what we can see in the analytical literary analysis and topics about the novel. Condemned, but giving the right to open suffering and compassion, which Hester finds in the big and ardent heart of the people. The dark figure of the pitiless and unforgiving Roger Chillingworth, husband of Hester, who devoted his life to a sophisticated revenge to a priest, inseparably linked with a feeling of mutual hatred, is underlined—a complete expression of Dimmesdale’s tragic loneliness, points and actions involved in a gloomy puritan fraud in the darkness of a man. Chillingworth, who personifies the fanatical intolerance of Puritan moral dogmas that exclude charity, is opposed to the solar image of her daughter, Pearl, inseparable from Hester, the main character who is strong and always give some prompts. Pearl is â€Å"a direct consequence of guilt branded by people†, a constant reminder of mother’s sin and â€Å"her only treasure†, she is â€Å"a scarlet letter endowed with life† burning with the same fire as the sign on Hester’s chest, a symbol of punishment and rejection, of her behavior, actions and at the same time, â€Å"a child who was supposed to connect a mother (Hester) with all living people and their descendants.† .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694 , .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694 .postImageUrl , .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694 , .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694:hover , .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694:visited , .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694:active { border:0!important; } .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694:active , .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694 .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua12dc46008afb68bfcb9b285cdeaa694:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Quarks Essay Research PaperHowever, at first, this â€Å"intolerable brightness† resembles only the sparkling sign of Hester, and Pearl itself is a â€Å"consequence and embodiment of sin,† â€Å"a scarlet letter, but in a different form.† The relationship of the sun and pearl arises along with the development of another facet of the contrast image as a hook—â€Å"the child who was supposed to forever connect the mother with all living people and their descendants.† Pearl seems to be a creature akin to the rays of the sun with Hester. â€Å"I saw such figures,† Priest Wilson states: â€Å"when the suns rays penetrated through the colored window panes, and golden and purple spots fell on the floor.† The confluence of sunlight and the image of Pearl and Hester occur in Chapter 16 (â€Å"A Walk in the Forest†). Priest Wilson, when he saw Pearl with Hester for the first time, calls her a â€Å"red rose,† Pearl herself answers the priests question about who created her, replies that her mother found her in a rose bush at the door of the prison. Pearl is a â€Å"live scarlet rose† lit by the sun, the material embodiment of obvious, undisguised guilt, and at the same time arose emitting sunlight, an ancient symbol of love with Hester, â€Å"which always penetrates the heart with sunshine so that it involuntarily throws out a part him to the world around him,  «the personification of  «mercy, which fulfills the all-embracing heart of nature » and freedom from the laws of puritanism. In conclusion, sunlight, intertwined on the symbolism of the scarlet sign and the rose, embodies the natural law of the brotherhood of people free from Puritan intolerance, based on love and compassion.

Blaming Rap and Hip-Hop for Negative Messages Essays

Blaming Rap and Hip-Hop for Negative Messages Essays Blaming Rap and Hip-Hop for Negative Messages Essay Blaming Rap and Hip-Hop for Negative Messages Essay American Military University Joe Guzman CMRJ205 Rape and Sexual Violence Dr. Nation Does Hip-Hop music send a negative message to our youth? Well some people think it does and others think differently about it. I think it goes both ways and but I’ll go more in detail in this essay. As far as I can remember, Hip-Hop music has ruled the industry and continues to till this day. The negative part of rap music that people say sends a negative message is the lyrics. Some songs talk about killing, drugs and gang violence. That’s the part I don’t care for but it sells so, it’ll continue to remain on top. Some music was blamed for shootings and some resulted in death. When it comes to violence, the Tupac and Biggy scandal comes to mind. This was labeled as an East and West coast war between the two. They both talked about killing each others families, having sex with each others wives, which lead to both of them being murdered (Dorian 2010). Tupac had some great songs that hit home for some people. One that hit home for was â€Å"Dear Mama†, it talked about him growing up and how his mother made the best for him and his sister with what they had. I love when rappers speak from experience and in ways can influences people positively. A rapper by the name of â€Å"Hurricane†, tells his four kids that what they see and hear is just a record or video that was produced (Samuels 1995). I think it’s good for rappers to explain this issue with their kids. It’ll give them a better understanding as they get older. Some of the negatives are when rappers get into trouble for drugs, murders and violations. Some kids look up to them as role models and when they see the trouble they get into they do the same or even worse. A lot of rappers stress to kids to stay in school and get an education. (Samuels 1995). Sometimes music is a way out for some people. A lot of rappers grew up in the hood and were in and out of trouble but used music as strength to get out. I think the media portrays it differently and blows rap music out of proportion, as they do everything. The media is quick to put out the negative things but what about the positive things that they do. Some rappers give back and help out in any way they can. I just read about rapper T. I. talking some kid out of committing suicide. That’s definitely a highlight but I bet not too many people heard about it. In closing, I think rap music goes both ways as far as sending negative messages to our youth. Do I think it can be cleaned up, yes but people need to understand that this is a way of living for some. It’ll be an on going battle but in the end Hip-Hop is here to stay and is on top. References Louise I. Gerdes, ED (2008) Sexual violence. , GALE Cengage Learning John H. McWhorter, (2003) City Journal Is Hip Hop The epitome of What’s Wrong with Todays Youth (2010) from, http://doriandonp. wordpress. com/2010/02/11/is-hip-hop-the-epitome-of-whats-wrong-with-todays-youth/ Boyce Watkins, PhD (2009) from, bvonmoney. com/2009/06/07/whats-wrong-with-hip-hop-check-the-paper-trai Anita M. Samuels, (1995) Rap Family Values: Golden Rule Rules

Evolution of Performance Management Part II Assignment

Evolution of Performance Management Part II - Assignment Example Eventually, even though we could achieve our goals to some extent, the collective goal of the organization was never achieved. Your post has therefore given me a lot of insight on the best way to avoid such a situation in the future by ensuring that performance management is integrated into the larger management of the organization. I agree with you perfectly that an organization will struggle to obtain long-term success without the existence of a well-defined performance management program (Chamberlain, 2011). One probing question I would like to put forward is that in the absence of performance management program, how can the organization know whether it output from its workforce is in accordance with projected goals for the organization? Certainly there will be shortfalls in knowing how well the organization has achieved success if there are no performance management programs. But to add an insight to your take on the issue, I would suggest that when the organization is implementing performance management programs, it should not do it in an isolated manner. Rather, it will be important to integrate it into the collective program of the organization. By so doing, it will be possible to ensure that the outcome of the program is a true measure of what the organization proposes to

The Outbreak of World War I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Outbreak of World War I - Essay Example 231). The German guilt stance was subsequently supported by the absolute majority of non-German historians. During the 1920s, a special department of the German Foreign Office - the War Guilt Section - published full compilation (39 volumes) of Germany's foreign policy documents. The compilation was supposed to demonstrate that Germany was not guilty of the outbreak of hostilities. Other European states also published the same collections of pre-war documents. These documents provided historians with massive data that suggested a revision of the view of solely German responsibility for the war, but did not lead to any major change of views among the historians. Furthermore, the Second World War only reinforced the traditional point of view. As a result, European and American historiography overwhelmingly supports the Germany guilt stance. Thus, Luigi Albertini (1952) believes that although part of the blame for the outbreak of World War I rests with the failure of dipl... In a similar vein, Steiner (1977) argues the German drive for power threatened British interests and British Foreign Minister Sir Edward Grey had no choice but respond defensively to an inevitable German aggression. However, this point of view is not in line with that of David Lloyd George, the British Prime Minister who seemed to accept the blame in his War Memoirs (1934) saying that "We muddled into war" (Price, 1981, p.27). Lieven (1983) also claims that Germany's inability to control its militarism was the major factor that the blame for war must "unequivocally rest with the German government" (p.85). And even, Taylor (1969) who is widely known for his famous argument which puts events beyond the control of diplomacies believes that the breakdown of the balance of power due to a self-aggrandizing Germany was the key factor for the First World War. Although remoteness of the event, coupled with the alleged desire of many participants to hide at least part of the truth makes it too difficult to find out what country or who was primarily responsible for the outbreak of hostilities the German guilt still seems to be the most reasonable. International and domestic policy conducted by the Germany leaders convincingly demonstrates that taking the responsibility for the war off her shoulder would be a highly imprudent and unjustified step. Main Discussion The major causes of World War I are often referred to as 'MAIN': Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism. The German build-up of its naval forces was the main reason for deterioration of Anglo-German relations. During only four years after Great Britain, France and the Russian Empire formed the

Information Technology Sub-sector Analysis Essay

Information Technology Sub-sector Analysis - Essay Example Porters four analysis gives two dimensions that define the strategies. One is the competitive advantage source, and two is the scope of the advantage. The first one comprises of product differentiation or low-cost approach. The second one consists of narrow or broad approach. When crossed the dimensions gives the porters four business strategies. To win competitive advantage, the IT organization should apply cost focus in a small group of the target section. A Cost Focus strategy usually emerges as a competitive move, at times to challenge a certain competitor. A smaller IT firm can as well gain entry to a market by competing on cost within a particular niche. Competition in the mobile application industry has lead to the rise in a totally new product called smartphones that have greater functionality as compared to normal mobile phones due to their capability of running mobile apps. The cost of these smartphones is not over exaggerated to discourage the customers from buying them. The IT organizations maintain lesser cost across different product offerings. An analysis of competitors cost should be carried out prior to setting products costs. For instance, by 2010, the mobile apps industry was highly flooded as new competitors got into the market saturating it with several varieties of utilitarian and lifestyle apps (Tarnacha & Maitland, 2006). In most instances, apps are designed by third-party developers like companies that wish to advertize their products, or by freelance designers who trade their apps at a profit. The major operating systems, Android and Apple, each have an equivalent dedicated marketplace due to its subsidized costs. Limiting Apple policies with regards to app development in the preliminary stage have had a verifiable effect on the iOS apps market. A larger percentage of all mobile app developers have a preference for developing apps for the Android operating system whereas a smaller percentage prefer to do so for Apple’s iOS

Challenges Of The Indian Textile Industry Marketing Essay

Challenges Of The Indian Textile Industry Marketing Essay Scale: Indian Textile Industry is highly fragmented Industry that is lead by several small-scale industries. Because of this, there is lack of Industry Leadership. These small companies do not have fiscal resources to invest in technological up-gradation and they are not able to generate economies of scale. This leads to inability to establish a world-class competitive player. All the sectors except spinning face the problem of scale. India has very few large firms and other firms are generally smaller than their Chinese or Thai counterparts. Some of the Chinese large firms have 1.5 times higher spinning capacity, 1.25 times denim (and 2 times gray fabric) capacity and about 6 times more revenue in garment than their counterparts in India  [1]  which in turn gave an effect on the overall cost distribution along with the ability to attract customers with big orders. No of Exporters Source: CRISIL Skill and Labor productivity: Though Industry has cheap and skilled manpower but they are less productive comparative to other south Asian countries. Low Labor productivity due to lack of skills and modernized infrastructure is making Indian textile industry less productive than other competitor nations. An Industry and Regional Perspective Source: Economics Program Working Paper Series: The Cost Competitiveness of the Manufacturing Sector in China and India (Bart van Ark, Abdul Azeez Erumban, Vivian Chen, Utsav Kumar) Along with the labor productivity issues three other issues are of important consideration: (a) there is a lack of technical manpower -there are only 30 programmes at graduate engineering (including diploma) levels graduating nearly 1000 students this number is insufficient for bringing about significant technological change in the textile sector; (b) Investment by Indian firms for training of its existing workforce is very limited and the skills are confined to already existing processes; (c) there is serious dearth of trained operators and supervisors in India. It is expected that Indian firms will have to invest close to Rs. 1400 bn by year 2010 to increase its global trade to $ 50 bn. This kind of investment would require about 70,000 supervisors and 1.05mn operators in the textile sector and at least 112,000 supervisors and 2.8mn operators in the apparel sector (assuming a 80:20 ratio of investment between textiles and apparel).  [2]  In this situation the real bottleneck t o growth is going to be availability of skilled manpower. Poor Infrastructure: Technological Obsolescence and low degree of modernization in various steps of value chain affects the quality, cost and distribution. The general trend in the country is to go for second hand and outdated looms thus resulting in lower productivity and quality. Raw material from power looms and handloom is of low quality. Though India is a hub of IT services, they are not effectively implemented in textile sector to improve the productivity 1.png Inadequate Research Development and Lack of Technology Upgradation: Government of India has done significant investment in various schemes and other programmes for the growth and development of the industry. It launched Technology up gradation fund scheme in 1999 and issues Rs 916 bn for technology upgradation. However TUFS have not benefited all the segments of the Textile Value Chain -large parts of the funds have gone to the relatively healthier spinning sector. 2.png Low FDI: Lack of scale and the fragmented nature of industry have discouraged mega investments in the Indian textile industry. Unattractiveness of the industry has resulted in abysmal FDI inflows, despite 100% FDI being allowed under the automatic route. These drawbacks created a hurdle to make industry more competitive on the global basis. Legacy of government policy: Government followed protectionist policy for handlooms (labour-intensive and seen as a means to sustain employment) vis-à  -vis power looms mills. India had antiquated labour laws. The companies have often broken their business down into small units to avoid any trouble created by labor unionization. India also maintained capacity restrictions for a long time because government wanted to incentivize Small-scale industries. The Land and urbanization laws resulted in closure of urban mills and lack of import subsidies on advanced machinery resulted on limited technology advancement. Lack of Trade membership: India is serious lacking in trade pact memberships, which leads to restricted access to the other major markets. This issue made others to impose quota and duty, which put scissors on the sourcing quantities from India. High Power Tariff: After raw material, power cost is the most significant cost in the whole supply chain. High power cost and erratic supply hampers the production in India. High Cycle time for garments: Cycle time is the key factor in determining the competitiveness of a firm. It has a direct impact on both price and delivery schedule. Cycle time reduction is strongly correlated with high first pass yield, high throughput times, low variability in process times, low WIP and consequently cost. Currently Indian firms have high lead times and they must reduce their cycle times across the entire supply chain.   The average lead time in manufacturing and delivery sums to around 45-60 days from fabric buying to shipment of apparels. It can also get extended to 80 days. The mean delay in exporting finished garments from India after procurement of raw materials is estimated to be 15.5 days. The shelf life of products driven by fashion is merely 45 days therefore, such delays are indefensible. In contrast Turkey completes entire task ranging from approval of design to delivery in warehouse in a flat 30 days cycle  [3]  . Turkey also has the strategic advan tage of being located close to EU markets and positive liberal political conditions. Customs must provide a turnaround time of  ½ day for an order if we expect Indian firms to become part of larger global supply chains. Indian textile firms must enforce a deployment of industrial engineering with specific importance on cellular manufacturing, JIT and statistical process control to minimize lead times on shop floors. Usage of IT for increasing the productivity is also low in this sector. Indo French Collaboration Machinery: The French textile machinery Manufacturers has established a firm foothold on the international markets for many years. France is the European Unions third largest exporter of textile machinery and the sixth largest in the world. More than one hundred countries have chosen them as their partners to whom they export 90% of their national production. They are a dynamic group of companies who created years ago a private professional Association UCMTF (French Association of Textile Machinery Manufacturers), whose aim is the promotion of the French machines and French companies. The specialized sectors of the French textile machinery industry are: Spinning preparation machinery Long fibre spinning machinery Fibre opening, fibre blending machinery, textile waste recovery Cards Nonwovens manufacturing line Such expertise if augmented with Indian government support can help the issues associated with poor infrastructure and machinery resulting in poor quality of fabric and thus increase the competitiveness of Indian textile in global market. The French textile machinery manufacturers also realized the importance of the Indian textile industry. They invited the Indian textile producers to a series the Indo-French seminar French Technology to Boost the Indian Textile Industrys Competitiveness which were held in Mumbai and Ludhiana on 20th and 23rd April 2010 respectively. The aim of this seminar was to regularly facilitate direct contacts between the Indian textile producers and the top management of the French machinery producers. In words of Mrs Evelyne Cholet, the Secretary General of UCMTF- Organization of such seminars in India is very important at present especially when the Indian Government realizes the importance of new investments in textile machinery to stimulate this strategic sector. The technical textiles sector for which France has an expertise is another sector which has great potential in India This endeavor is supported by Indian government as these seminars were held under the patronage of the office of the Textile Commissioner Ministry of Textiles and Government of India. The French Trade Commission of the Embassy of France in India, Ubifrance (Frances agency for the international development of French companies) and the French Textile Machinery Manufacturers Association (UCMTF) were co-organizers of the seminars. Technical Textile: India is at the threshold of technical textile development, which is set to play a huge role in the development of the countrys various facilities, thus offering the greatest growth potential in this sector. Owing to the rise in demand for value added textile products in the developed nations, the technical textile industry is said to grow around 4 5 percent. According to the recent research by the Textiles Committee, the technical textile industry in India is expected to grow at a rate of 11% anually and reach a size of around $14 billion by 2012. The current size of the market is little less than $8 billion and the projected investment in this sector is around $1000 million. Technical textiles correspond to a multi-disciplinary field with different applications in numerous fields such as medicine, aerospace sports, defence, agriculture and construction. France has already developed expertise in this segment. In France, the technical textile industry comprises nearly 600 companies, consisting of very small businesses, numerous SMEs and big groups alike. Some twenty trades are represented, from fibre production and spinning through to clothes-making and assembly, and cover 12 sectors of application. This type of material is regularly used in widely varying fields such as packaging, protection and safety, clothing, construction, transport, the environment and the medical sector. All these mutually complementary companies work within a network of technical centres, laboratories, universities, competitiveness clusters and professional associations. Their excellence is recognized far beyond the borders of France. Indian manufactures can learn a lot from French technologies and products in technical textile segment. In order to facilitate this learning Techtextil India International Trade Fair for Technical Textiles and Nonwovens is organized where pavilions from Germany, Frnace and Italy present their latest innovations. The objective of the fair is to achieve a future oriented perspective and practical technical information in a range of presentations and discussions specially formulated for the high potential Indian market. Techtextil India is supported by the Office of the Textile Commissioner of the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India. In words of Mr. Dayanidhi Maran, Union Textiles Minister, present at Techtextil 2009- The technical textile industry has a high potential to attract investments worth $1.03 billion and generate around 3,00,000 additional employment by 2012. Since India has highly-skilled manpower and abundant availability of raw material, it can emerge as a key player in the technical textiles industry Innovation through Competitive pole: In order to improve the highly fragmented textile industry of India the French model of competitive poles can be applied. Since French textile industry is a mature sector, innovation is the key factor driving the industry. The French textile industry has been re-organised in the past few years in order to respond to the current innovation and technology creation needs. In 2004, the  «Ã‚  Pà ´les de Compà ©titività ©Ã‚  Ã‚ » (Competitive Poles) were put in place to respond to this need. These poles are associations that group enterprises, research centres, and public and private training institutions. The objective of these poles is to create the environment to the economical renewing of the regions by implementing new products and services. Innovation is, therefore, in the centre of the competitive poles. There are in France now 71 poles spread across the country. The programmes of the poles are financed by the government, by 1.5bn EUR each year in total (including all industries and activities), but local authorities and associations also contribute to the financing. The competitive pole is organized under 2 main axis: Technical textiles Customization of clothing textiles The Lile region is a key example of the competitive pole approach. Nowadays, more than 50 % of the textile engineer in France are graduated in the metropolitan area of Lille Mà ©tropole at lENSAIT and HEI. Technical trainings are also available at the ESAAT. The UP-tex is the pole dedicated to the textile, technical and traditional (clothing), that is located in the metropolitan area of Lile. The UP-tex works as an association of enterprises, research centres, and centres dedicated to technology transference. Its ambition is to become the European reference in terms of advanced textile materials, polysensoriality and design and mass customisation. Furthermore, the labelling of the competitive pole UP-tex has also contributed to the reinforcement of Liles position as a reference in terms of innovative and clothing textiles. The UP-tex has as objectives: Develop the project of the  «Ã‚  customized enterprise  Ã‚ », in order to create a new value chain to the textile  / clothing branch Promote the national and international plan of the high-performance textile regional pole, its economic network (through the CLUBTEX) and its scientific competences Create basis for the emergence of an European technological platform through the creation of the CETI (French  : Centre Europà ©en du Textile Innovant, English: European centre of the Innovative textile) Support the research projects by the attribution of labels to selected projects Further develop innovation in the textile and clothing industry CLUBTEX, which is the association of local industrials to promote innovation in technical textiles, is key element to the success of the Lile textile pole. The association is grouping, nowadays, 58 industrial, 1 union and 6 training and researching centres, all with one common objective to create innovation through the mutualisation of resources. The industries participating in CLUBTEX produce under the SPL (SPL  : French for Systà ¨me Productif Local , in English  : Local Production System) District Textiles Techniques label, which helps on the identification and differentiation of the products towards the customers. Recommendations Government Initiatives: Government can take actions under the following heads for improving the textile industry: Flexibility of contract labor law: Labor Laws should be more liberalized and made favorable that will help to make labor more productive. Textile industry should be exempted from contract labor law Better implementation of TUF: Government should focus on providing uniform disbursement of incentives through TUF Attracting FDIs: Government should provide tax incentives to attract FDI to make it more competitive in global marketplace. Establish integrated textile parks. Allow more Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Garment Retailing to enable large, modern retail showrooms to set up shops in India which will promote local sourcing and will result in better production Encourage Private Sector for Partnership collaboration Develop supporting Industry: Develop textile machinery industry (currently 70% of textile machinery is imported. Faster port clearance and cheaper transport Skill development Initiatives: Set up skill development centers. More Training centers should be opened to train the workforce and awareness of new technology and trends should be increased among manpower. Collaboration with Institute like SITRA (South India Textile Research Association) for labor skill development Reduce power tariff, encourage renewable sources of energy through government subsidy, reduce interest rates and transaction costs. Setting up of quality checking laboratories to ensure global competitiveness Apparel park to promote exports: In National Textile Policy 2000 government established Apparel International Mart: Apparel Export Promotion Council has constructed an Apparel International Mart (AIM) at Gurgaon to provide showrooms on lease and license basis to the established exporters to showcase their products Aid to agriculture industry to improve the availability, productivity and quality of Raw Material: In National Textile Policy 2000 government implemented Cotton Technology Mission: To improve the performance of Cotton sector through improvement in Research Development, quality and productivity of products. The Govt. of India is aimed to increase production of cotton by 50% with improved quality and productivity Firm level Initiatives Companies should improve the productivity at firm level to develop economies of scale: Up-grading technology: Form JVs with global players for technology up-gradation and scale Implementing TQM: ensure waste minimization, product durability and reliability. Lean manufacturing: optimized distribution network and supply chain management to attain reduced cycle time Use of IT services In-house skill development program Apparel Industry Landscape Global Textile and Apparel trade is recovering after a slump during the economic recession in 2008-09, and is expected to reach US$ 1 Trillion by 2020 from the current US$ 510 Bn. The growth in trade is driven by increased outsourcing of western / developed countries towards lower cost countries in Asia. Indias Textile Apparel industry (domestic + exports) is expected to grow from the current US$ 70 bn to US$ 220 bn by 2020. The Indian domestic Textile and Apparel market size in 2009 was US$ 47 bn and is expected to grow @ 11% CAGR to reach US$ 140 Bn by 2020 Domestic Apparel retail market was worth US$33 Bn in 2009 and is expected to reach US$ 100 Bn by 2020. Export Sector: Indias exports have also recovered in 2009-10 following increased global demand and is currently worth US$ 23.5 Bn. Indian apparel exports have also grown by a CAGR of 11.7% in last 4 years. The export market includes readymade garments of cotton, man made, silk, wool and other textile materials with cotton products accounting for the major share. India has the potential to increase its export share in world trade from the current 4.5% to 8% and reach US$ 80 Bn by 2020. India has the potential of this strong growth in exports because of increased sourcing shift from developed countries to Asia. Indias also possess different strengths which makes it a suitable alternative to China for global buyers. In terms of financial returns, Apparel is the most attractive product category amongst retail product categories both in terms of Returns on Capital Employed and EBITDA. Garmenting Technical Textiles are the most attractive segments within the Apparel value chain in terms o f ROA and EBITDA. According to KPMG research investments upto US$ 68 Bn will be required by 2020 across the Textile supply chain to tap the potential market generated by the growth of textile industry. Investment required in garment sector by 2020 is to the tune of US$ 14 Bn and for processing is US$ 19 Bn. Apparel Industry: However Indian Apparel Industry is a small scale sector with high degree of fragmentation. Apparel manufacturing has about 77,000 small scale units classified as domestic manufacturers, manufacturer exporters and fabricators. Due to low entry barrier, garments industry is the least capital intensive part of textiles value chain, leading to high fragmentation. There are around 8200 registered apparel exporters in India. The turnover of 4800 exporters is less than 5 million INR which indicates the high level of fragmentation. Apparel Retailing: A huge chunk of apparel market is contributed by urban segment. Majority of this urban segment stays in few selected cities where organized retail is preferred mode of shopping thus organized retail plays a very important role in domestic apparel consumption. Total apparel and fashion accessories retail market was worth Rs.80,000 crore in 2004, which grew by 11% each year till 2006. Although organized retails chains and exclusive brand outlets are gaining momentum, traditional retailers and MBOs still dominate apparel retailing. One of the key factors for the huge growth is due to expansion by apparel brands and retailers to small but potential cities. Many global brands like Marks Spencer are getting established in India by franchisee route. Malls are expected to be one of the main drivers for growth of apparel retailing, as they provide large areas. Mens Apparel: Man apparel stands at $ 8.1bn in 2007 with a market share of 42% of total apparel market. It is expected to see high growth in near future but % share will decrease due to growth in other segments.In 2007 men apparel industry was mainly dominated by shirts accounting for 36.5% of total men segement. The established key players are Arvind mills, Madura Garment, Westside, shoppers stop and Pantaoon. Levis Strauss is the major newcomer in the same segment. Women Apparel: women apparel stands at $ 6.7bn in 2007 with a market share of 34% of total apparel market. It is expected to grow till 11bn by 2009. Some of the important changiing trends observed in this segment are Liberalization of casual wear in the office is increasing the ready to wear market Working women demand western or indo-western outfits that last in fashion and quality Saree have the higest share but trouser and skirts are growing rapidly due to changing social trends From 2002 to 2007 saree demand has shown a CAGR of 12.8% whereas Trouser and skirts have shown CAGR of 34% 1.png Kid Apparel: Kid apparel is the smallest segment of $ 4.7 bn. Licensing interntional kids apparel is a successful strategy to capture the premium market. Some popular brands in same category are Disney, Barbie etc. This segment have very little brand penetration of 5-8% but it is expected to grow at 15-20% A comparitive analysis of all segments with their expected growth is shown below: Key growth drivers for the textile and apparel Industry are : Growth in organized retailing at 41% CAGR. Increasing number of working women. Increasing household income Changing demographics Affinity for brands and better shopping experience Profile of French brands: High end/ Luxury Brands Products coverage Gender targeted Target Customer Marketing strategy Product Strategy Hermà ¨s Clothing accessories Male/Female High-end/ rich population of all ages Exclusivity is the key word. Products are very Expensive and often perceived as durable goods (can be passed from mother to daughter) Overbuying is discoraged: clients do not have the right to by more than a X number of items per collection Very high-quality, often hand-made by specialized artisans; eg. leather goods often produced by experts in Italy. Each maison has its Flagship products, that remain unchanged, or are slightly updated across collections. Pret-a-porter collections are innovative and trend-setter for the rest of the clothing industry LVMH Louis Vuitton Clothing accessories Male/Female High-end/ rich population of all ages Channel Clothing accessories Female High-end/ rich population of all ages LVMH Dior Clothing accessories Male/Female High-end/ rich population of all ages Chloà © Clothing accessories Female High-end/ rich population of all ages Yves Saint Laurent Clothing accessories Male/Female High-end/ rich population of all ages Lanvin Clothing accessories Male/Female High-end/ rich population of all ages LVMH Givenchy Clothing accessories Female High-end/ rich population of all ages Maison Martin Margiela Clothing accessories Male/Female High-end/ rich population of all ages Premium/ Middle Product Coverage Gender Targeted Target Customer Marketing Strategy Products Strategy Isabel Marant Clothing accessories Female Mid 30s/ Early 40s Targets are high-end of medium class, that cannot afford luxe but wants to buy the best product they can afford. Price sensibility is not to be neglected. Brand strengh based on notoriety, string communication campaigns and sales to clean stocks. New trend is the affiliated-brand strategy, such as Athà © and Etoile, by respectivelly V.Bruno and I.Marant, that target at different age ranges as a way to maximise sales Fit and Design are the key words. Quality is important, but not overvalued as for luxe products. Some brands will have a few flagship products, but as general rule the collections are completely renovated each season Vanessa Bruno Clothing accessories Female Mid 30s/ Early 40s Carven Clothing accessories Male / Female Mid 30s/ Early 40s De Fursac Clothing accessories Male Late 30s/ Late 40s Jacadi Clothing accessories Children 0 to 8y +/- Bonpoint Clothing accessories Children 0 to 8y +/- Gerard Darel Clothing accessories Female Mid 30s/ Early 40s Agnà ©s Clothing accessories Female Mid 30s/ Early 40s Claudine Pierrot Clothing accessories Female Mid 30s/ Early 40s Manoush Clothing accessories Female Late 20s/ Early 30s Maje Clothing accessories Female Late 20s/ Early 30s Zadig Voltaire Clothing accessories Children/ Male / Female Late 20s/ Early 30s Ba Sh Clothing accessories Female Late 20s/ Early 30s Sandro Clothing accessories Female Late 20s/ Early 30s Les Petites Clothing accessories Children/ Female Late 20s/ Early 30s Comptoir des Cotoniers Clothing accessories Children/ Female Late 20s/ Early 30s Athà © Vanessa Bruno Clothing accessories Female Late 20s/ Early 30s Etoile Isabel Marant Clothing accessories Female Late 20s/ Early 30s Kooples Clothing accessories Male / Female Whole 20s Berenice Clothing accessories Male / Female Late 20s/ Early 30s Bel Air Clothing accessories Female Whole 20s Middle/Low range Product Coverage Gender Targeted Target Customer Marketing Strategy Products Strategy Zara (Spanish) Clothing accessories Female Mid 30s/ Early 40s Disposable Fashion. Easy-to-wear collection hits, constantly renovated (short collections) Design Disposable fashion. Quality is not perceived as key product attribute. Products are often produced outside Europe Mango (Spanish) Clothing accessories Female Mid 30s/ Early 40s H M (UK) Clothing accessories Female Mid 30s/ Early 40s Naf Naf Clothing accessories Female Late 20s/ Early 30s Sud Express Clothing accessories Female Late 20s/ Early 30s PROMOD Clothing accessories Female Late 20s/ Early 30s Etam Clothing accessories Female Various Middle/Low range Product Coverage Gender Targeted Target Customer Marketing Strategy Products Strategy Uniqlo (Japan) Clothing accessories Male/ female Families looking for basic items with average quality and good price Long-lasting collections, not really fashion-driven (does not follow trends). Good value for money Le Petit Bateau Clothing accessories Children/ Female French brand in India: Based on the consumption profile we can see that women segment is the fastest growing segment and also the share of formal wear like trousers and skirts is increasing due to increasing number of working women in the society. Thus a French brand targeting female consumers in the age range of Late 20s/Early 30s will be best suited for India. Though the disposable income is increasing, the target group of women is highly value conscious hence Premium/Middle or Middle/Low class brand will perform better than the luxury brands. Also the segment purchasing luxury brands is although growing but currently too small to target. Important Parameters to consider while entering India Positioning: The most important part is the positioning in the Indian consumer mind-space. Smart casual positions are taken in by the brand such as ColorPlus, Dockers and Canary Blue. Design wear are gone with square-1 mall and Kimaya, Kazo and individual designer having their stand alone store. Any positioning below that is lapped up by Zillions of manufacturers. However there are still wide open gaps which lie agape between these broad categories which can be easily targeted. Also Indian consumers show an affinity for foreign brands as it is considered a proxy for status. Therefore even the Indian Manufactures like ITC, Madura garment give exotic names to their brands for eg John Players, Allen Solly. Location: The location is the key to the positioning, it determines and in turns reinforces positioning; in fact, with about 50% of the operational expenses are taken up by the rentals, it has assumed an even more important position. Exclusive showrooms at a high end street or space in well reputed mall are the two options for establishing a high end brand. Buying vs. Manufacturing: It is very important decision for the fore

My Last Duchess by Robert Browning Essay -- Last Duchess Robert Browni

My Last Duchess by Robert Browning In his poem â€Å"My Last Duchess†, Robert Browning gives his readers a complex picture of his two main characters. The Duke, who narrates the poem, is the most immediately present but Browning sets him up to ultimately lose the reader’s trust. The Duchess becomes the sympathetic character, a victim of foul play. It is through the various representations of the Duchess within the poem that we come to know both characters. The representations of the Duchess, which focus on her ever-present smile and easily satisfied nature, come in sharp contrast with the desperate, sputtering language of the Duke as he tries to tell their story on his own terms. This contrast is a manifestation of the Duke's frustration with his inability to control the Duchess and her nonchalant but near-total control over him. The Duchess is first introduced as a painting hanging in the Duke’s gallery. The very form in which we meet her gives us an indication of both her passivity and her ability to persist, unchanged, in one mode of behavior. A painting has very little living communicative power, relying on the expressiveness of its subject at the time of painting. It is notable that no mention is made of any background or accompanying objects in the painting—often in portraiture these elements are relied upon to convey key ideas about the subject. It seems that the Duchess relied solely upon herself and the painter to tell her own story. Even if other objects are in the painting, they are unremarkable enough that neither Duke nor poet feels compelled to mention them. From a literary standpoint, this means that the poet felt that we needed no other initial information about the Duchess. Even at the level of chara... ...haunts him, and by placing it both first and last he drives it home very strongly. He can’t help but repeat that phrase when confronted with the Duchess who is both still smiling and â€Å"as if alive†Ã¢â‚¬â€he is driven mad by the idea that he couldn’t even succeed in killing her. His actions, too, are driven by the Duchess. Since she is still smiling and life-like, despite his best efforts to the contrary, he is driven to the irrational extreme of covering the painting and ensuring that â€Å"none puts by the curtain†¦but [himself]† (9-10) His extraordinary desire to control the Duchess leave him vulnerable to her imperviousness. By remaining unaffected by the Duke’s strenuous efforts to alter her behavior, the Duchess forces the Duke to take more and more drastic measures—like killing her and hiding her painting—and eats away at his ability to even keep control of himself.